Силикон алқабы
Қазақ Энциклопедиясы жобасынан алынған мәлімет
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Сан Хосе қала орталығы, "Силикон алқабының астанасы."
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Сан Хосе қаласы орталығындағы базар.
Силикон алқабы - АҚШ-тағы Калифорния штатының оңтүстігінде орналасқан жоғары технологиялар индустриясының орталығы ретінде танымал аудан. Силикон алқабында компьютерлер және оның жабдықтары, әсіресе микропроцессорлар, сонымен қатар бағдарламалық жасақтамалар, мобильдік байланыс құрылғыларын т.б. дамытып, өңдіретін компаниялар тығыз орналасқан.
Мазмұны
Силикон алқабы сөзінің тарихы
Ральф Ваерст Силликон алқабы сөзін қолданысқа енгізді, Қаңтар 11, 1971. Мұндағы алқап сөзі Санта Клара алқабы.
Тарихы
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Сан Хоседен батысқа қарағандағы көріністердің бірі (сол-жақ шетіндегісі қала орталығы), Силикон Алқабы
Стэнфорд Университеті, оның оқытушы ұжымы және түлектері Силикон алқабының дамуына зор үлес қосты.<ref name="Markoff">Үлгі:Cite news</ref>
1940 - 1950 жылдары, Фредерик Терман, Стэнфорд Университетінің бірінші провосты факультетті аяқтаушыларға өздерінің жаңа компанияларын бастауды бұйырады.
Ақпараттық технологиялар дамуының қоғамдық ықпалы
Радио және әскери технологиялар тамыры
Стэнфорд Индустрия Паркі
Кремний транзисторы және Кремний (силикон) алқабының пайда болуы
Заң мекемелері
Жаңа мекемелер
1970-жылдары, силикон алқабында көптеген жартылай өткізгіштік, компьютер технологияларымен және компьютерге қатысты бағдарламалық жасақтамалармен айналысатын көптеген мекеме жұмыс істейді. Нарық өте үлкен, арзан болды.
The growth was fueled by the emergence of the venture capital industry on Sand Hill Road, beginning with Kleiner Perkins in 1972; the availability of venture capital exploded after the successful $1.3 billion IPO of Apple Computer in желтоқсан 1980.
Бағдарламалық жасақтама жасау
Интернет көпіршігі
Экономикасы
Медиа
Ерекше мекемелер
Thousands of high technology companies are headquartered in Silicon Valley. Among those, the following are in the Fortune 1000:
- Adobe Systems
- Advanced Micro Devices
- Agilent Technologies
- Apple Inc.
- Applied Materials
- Cisco Systems
- eBay
- Hewlett-Packard
- Intel
- Intuit
- Juniper Networks
- KLA Tencor
- LSI Logic
- Marvell Semiconductors
- Maxim Integrated Products
- National Semiconductor
- NetApp
- Nvidia
- Oracle Corporation
- Salesforce.com
- SanDisk
- Sanmina-SCI
- Symantec
- Yahoo!
Additional notable companies headquartered (or with a significant presence) in Silicon Valley include (some defunct or subsumed): Үлгі:Div col
- 3Com (acquired by HP)
- A10 Networks
- Actel
- Actuate Corporation
- Adaptec
- Aeria Games and Entertainment
- Akamai Technologies (HQ in Cambridge, Massachusetts)
- Altera
- Amazon.com's A9.com
- Amazon.com's Lab126.com
- Amdahl
- Ampex
- Antibody Solutions
- Aricent
- Asus
- Atari
- Atmel
- Broadcom
- Brocade Communications Systems
- BEA Systems (acquired by Oracle Corporation)
- Business Objects (acquired by SAP)
- Cypress Semiconductor
- Electronic Arts
- EMC Corporation (headquartered in Hopkinton, Massachusetts)
- E*TRADE (headquartered in New York, NY)
- Fairchild Semiconductor
- Force10
- Foundry Networks
- Fujitsu (headquartered in Tokyo, Japan)
- Hitachi Data Systems
- Hitachi Global Storage Technologies
- IBM Almaden Research Center (headquartered in Armonk, New York)
- IDEO
- Intuitive Surgical
- Logitech
- LynuxWorks
- Maxtor (acquired by Seagate)
- McAfee (acquired by Intel)
- Memorex (acquired by Imation and moved to Cerritos, California)
- Micron Technology (headquartered in Boise, Idaho)
- Microsoft (headquartered in Redmond, Washington)
- Mozilla Foundation
- Move Inc
- Nokia (headquartered in Espoo, Finland)
- Nokia Siemens Networks (headquartered in Espoo, Finland)
- Netflix
- Netscape (acquired by AOL)
- NeXT Computer, Inc. (acquired by Apple)
- Ning
- NXP Semiconductors
- Olivetti (headquartered in Ivrea, Italy)
- Opera Software (headquartered in Oslo, Norway)
- OPPO
- Palm, Inc. (acquired by HP)
- PalmSource, Inc. (acquired by ACCESS)
- PayPal (now part of eBay)
- Philips Lumileds Lighting Company
- Playdom
- PlayPhone
- Qualcomm, Inc. (HQ in San Diego, CA)
- Quanta Computer
- Quantcast
- Rambus
- Riverbed Technology
- ROBLOX
- RSA (acquired by EMC)
- Redback Networks (acquired by Ericsson)
- Salesforce.com
- SAP AG (headquartered in Walldorf, Germany)
- Siemens (headquartered in Berlin and Munich, Germany)
- Silicon Graphics
- Silicon Image
- Solectron (acquired by Flextronics)
- Sony (headquartered in Tokyo, Japan)
- Sony Ericsson
- SRI International
- Sun Microsystems (acquired by Oracle Corporation)
- SunPower
- Tibco Software
- Tesla Motors
- TWiT
- Tellme Networks (acquired by Microsoft)
- TiVo
- VA Software (Slashdot)
- WebEx (acquired by Cisco Systems)
- Western Digital
- VeriSign
- Veritas Software (acquired by Symantec)
- VMware
- Vocera
- Xilinx
- YouTube (acquired by Google)
- Yelp, Inc.
- Zoran Corporation
Silicon Valley is also home to the high-tech superstore retail chain Fry's Electronics.
Саясаткерлері
Университеттер және колледждер
- San José State University
- San Francisco State University
- Stanford University
- Santa Clara University
- John F. Kennedy University Campbell Campus
- University of California, Berkeley Extension
- University of California, Santa Cruz Extension
- Hult International Business School
- Carnegie Mellon University (Silicon Valley campus)
- Golden Gate University Silicon Valley Campus
- Silicon Valley University
- California State University, East Bay, Hayward
- University of Phoenix San Jose Campus
- University of San Francisco South Bay Campus
- Lincoln Law School of San Jose
- University of Silicon Valley Law School
- San Jose City College
- Menlo College
- Evergreen Valley College
- Foothill College
- De Anza College
- Chabot College
- Peralta Colleges
- Mission College
- West Valley College
- National Hispanic University
- Ohlone College
- Cogswell Polytechnical College
- The Art Institute of California – Sunnyvale
Қалалары
Силикон алқабында орналасқан қалалар тізімі:
- Campbell
- Cupertino
- Gilroy
- Los Altos
- Los Altos Hills
- Los Gatos
- Milpitas
- Monte Sereno
- Morgan Hill
- Mountain View
- Palo Alto
- San Jose
- Santa Clara
- Saratoga
- Sunnyvale
Ауданға қатысы бар қалалар тізімі:
- East Palo Alto (San Mateo County)
- Emeryville (Alameda County, home to Pixar, Ask.com(Ask Jeeves), Pandora Media, MobiTV)
- Foster City
- Fremont (Alameda County)
- Hayward (Alameda County) (home of California State University, East Bay and Dust Networks)<ref>[1]</ref>
- Menlo Park (San Mateo County, location of some venture capital companies)
- Newark (Alameda County)
- Redwood City (San Mateo County, home to Oracle, Electronic Arts and PDI/DreamWorks)
- San Francisco (San Francisco County, home to Quantcast, Salesforce, Square, Twitter, Wikipedia, Yelp, and Zynga)
- San Mateo, California (San Mateo County; home to Akamai's Silicon Valley office; YouTube was founded here; home to SolarCity, NetSuite among others)
- Scotts Valley (Santa Cruz County, home to Seagate Technology among others)
Тағы қараңыз
- List of attractions in Silicon Valley
- List of places with "Silicon" names
- List of research parks around the world
- List of technology centers around the world
- Microcomputer revolution
- Pirates of Silicon Valley — 1999 movie
- Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition
- Sustainable Silicon Valley (SSV)
- Silicon Border
- San Fernando Valley, sometimes erroneously called "Silicon Valley"
- Silicon Fen
- Titanium Valley
- Triumph of the Nerds: The Rise of Accidental Empires — 1996 documentary
- Optics Valley
- Silicon Wadi
- Silicon Roundabout
Сілттемелер
Арғы оқылымдар
- Making Silicon Valley: Innovation and the Growth of High Tech, 1930–1970 by Christophe Lécuyer, MIT Press (2006)
- Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution by Steven Levy, Garden City, New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday (1984)
- A History of Silicon Valley: The Greatest Creation of Wealth in the History of the Planet by Arun Rao and Piero Scaruffi, Omniware Press (2010), ISBN 0-9765531-8-X
- Behind the Silicon Curtain: The Seductions of Work in a Lonely Era, Dennis Hayes, London: Free Association Books (1989)
- Silicon Valley, Inc.: Ruminations on the Demise of a Unique Culture, The San Jose Mercury News (1997)
- Cultures@Silicon Valley, J. A. English-Lueck, Stanford: Stanford University Press (2002)
- The Silicon Valley of Dreams: Environmental Injustice, Immigrant Workers, and the High-Tech Global Economy, David Naguib Pellow and Lisa Sun-Hee Park, New York University Press (2003)
- What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry, John Markoff, Viking (2005)
- Silicon Follies: A Dot. Comedy, Thomas Scoville, Pocket Books (2000)
- The Silicon Boys: And Their Valleys Of Dreams, David A. Kaplan, Harper Perinneal (сәуір 2000), ISBN 0-688-17906-1
- Cities of knowledge: Cold War science and the search for the next Silicon Valley, Margaret Pugh O’Mara, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, (2005)
- Accidental Empires: How the boys of Silicon Valley make their millions, battle foreign competition, and still can't get a date, Robert X. Cringely, Addison-Wesley Publishing, (1992), ISBN 0-201-57032-7
- Silicon Valley: 110 Year Renaissance, John McLaughlin, Leigh Weimers, Ward Winslow, Santa Clara Valley Historical Association (2008), ISBN 0-9649217-4-X
- Fire in the Valley: The Making of The Personal Computer by Paul Freiberger & Michael Swaine, McGraw-Hill (1984)
- Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128 by AnnaLee Saxenian, Harvard University Press (1996), ISBN 0-674-75340-2
- Clusters of Creativity: Enduring Lessons on Innovation and Entrepreneurship from Silicon Valley and Europe's Silicon Fen by Rob Koepp, John Wiley (2002), ISBN 0-471-49604-9
- The Nudist on the Late Shift: And Other True Tales of Silicon Valley by Po Bronson, Random House (1999), ISBN 0-375-50277-7
Сыртқы сілттемелер
- California's Historic Silicon Valley
- Growth of a Silicon Empire by Henry Norr published at the end of 1999 in the San Francisco Chronicle
- Үлгі:PDFlink
- Red tile roofs in Bangalore: Stanford's look copied in Silicon Valley and beyond from Stanford University
- The Silicon Valley Cultures Project from San Jose State University
- Silicon Valley Historical Association
- A Weekend in Silicon Valley - slideshow by The New York Times
