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<p><b>Жаңа бет</b></p><div>{{Infobox programming language<br />
| name = SQL<br />
| paradigm = [[Multi-paradigm programming language|Multi-paradigm]]<br />
| year = 1974<br />
| designer = [[Donald D. Chamberlin]]<br />[[Raymond F. Boyce]]<br />
| developer = [[ISO]]/[[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]]<br />
| latest_release_version = [[SQL:2011]]<br />
| latest_release_date = 2011<br />
| turing-complete = No<br />
| typing = [[Static typing|Static]], [[strong typing|strong]]<br />
| implementations = [[List of relational database management systems|Many]]<br />
| dialects = SQL-86, SQL-89, [[SQL-92]], [[SQL:1999]], [[SQL:2003]], [[SQL:2008]], [[SQL:2011]]<br />
| influenced_by = [[Datalog]]<br />
| influenced = [[Common Query Language|CQL]], [[Language Integrated Query|LINQ]], [[Windows PowerShell]]<ref name=ars>{{cite web|last=Paul|first=Ryan|title=A guided tour of the Microsoft Command Shell|url=http://arstechnica.com/business/news/2005/10/msh.ars/4|publisher=Ars Technica|accessdate=10 April 2011}}</ref><br />
| operating_system = [[Cross-platform]]<br />
| website = {{cite web | url = http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=45498 | title = ISO/IEC 9075-1:2008: Information technology – Database languages – SQL – Part 1: Framework (SQL/Framework) | postscript = <!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}}}<br />
| file_ext = .sql<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox file format<br />
| name = SQL<br />
| screenshot =<br />
| caption = Structured Query Language<br />
| extension = .sql<br />
| mime = application/x-sql<br />
| uniform type =<br />
| owner = [[ISO]]/[[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]]<br />
| released = {{Start date|1986|df=yes}}<br />
| latest release version = SQL:2008<br />
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2008|df=yes}}<br />
| genre = Database<br />
| standard = ISO/IEC 9075<br />
| free = Yes<br />
| url = <ref name="Ars Technica">{{cite web | url = http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=45498 | title = ISO/IEC 9075-1:2008: Information technology – Database languages – SQL – Part 1: Framework (SQL/Framework) | postscript = <!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''SQL''' ({{lang-en|Structured Query Language}}) — реляциялық [[дерекқор]]ларын құруға, өзгертуге және басқаруға арналған универсалды компьютер тілі. <br />
<!--SQL основывается на [[исчисление кортежей|исчислении кортежей]].<br />
'''SQL''' ({{IPAc-en|icon|ˈ|ɛ|s|_|k|juː|_|ˈ|ɛ|l}} "S-Q-L";<ref>{{cite book |last= Beaulieu | first = Alan |title=Learning SQL |editor=Mary E Treseler |publisher=O'Reilly |location=Sebastapol, CA, USA |date=April 2009 |edition= 2nd | isbn = 978-0-596-52083-0}}</ref> or "sequel"; or '''Structured Query Language''') is a special-purpose [[programming language]] designed for managing data in [[relational database management system]]s (RDBMS).<br />
--><br />
==Тарихы==<br />
==Тіл элементтері==<br />
[[File:SQL ANATOMY wiki.svg|thumb|275px|This chart shows several of the SQL language elements that compose a single statement.]]<br />
SQL тілі келесі тіл элементтеріне бөлінген:<br />
* '''Clauses'''<!--, which are constituent components of statements and queries. (In some cases, these are optional.)<ref>ANSI/ISO/IEC International Standard (IS). Database Language SQL—Part 2: Foundation (SQL/Foundation). 1999.</ref>--><br />
* '''Expressions'''<!--, which can produce either [[scalar (computing)|scalar]] values or [[table (database)|tables]] consisting of [[column (database)|columns]] and [[row (database)|rows]] of data.--><br />
* '''Predicates'''<!--, which specify conditions that can be evaluated to SQL [[ternary logic|three-valued logic (3VL)]] or [[Boolean logic|Boolean]] (true/false/unknown) [[truth value]]s and which are used to limit the effects of statements and queries, or to change program flow.--><br />
* '''Queries'''<!--, which retrieve the data based on specific criteria. This is the most important element of '''SQL'''.--><br />
* '''Statements'''<!--, which may have a persistent effect on schemata and data, or which may control transactions, program flow, connections, sessions, or diagnostics.<br />
** SQL statements also include the [[semicolon]] (";") statement terminator. Though not required on every platform, it is defined as a standard part of the SQL grammar.--><br />
* '''[[Whitespace (computer science)|Insignificant whitespace]]''' <!--is generally ignored in SQL statements and queries, making it easier to format SQL code for readability.--><br />
<br />
==Сипаттамасы==<br />
SQL тілі келесі бөлімдердің жиынтығынан құралады:<br />
* операторлар;<br />
* инструкциялар;<br />
* және есептуіш функциялары.<br />
<br />
==Сілттемелер==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
{{SQL}}<br />
{{ISO}}<br />
{{Дерекқор басқару жүйесі}}<br />
<br />
[[Санат:Бағдарламалау тілдері]]<br />
[[Санат:Дерекқор]]<br />
[[Санат:Ақпараттану]]<br />
[[Санат:SQL]]</div>Нұрлан Рахымжанов