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<p><b>Жаңа бет</b></p><div>'''Ajax''' ({{lang-en|Asynchronous JavaScript and XML}}, '''эйджакс''') — [[клиент]] жақтағы [[веб қосымша]]ларды дамытуға арналған технология. Эиджакстың көмегімен клиенттік аппликация серверден қажетті құжаттарды, ақпаратты асинхронды немесе веб бетшені толық жібермей ақ қабылдап жібере алады.<br />
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With Ajax, web applications can send data to, and retrieve data from, a [[web server|server]] asynchronously (in the background) without interfering with the display and behavior of the existing page. Data can be retrieved using the <code>[[XMLHttpRequest]]</code> [[object (computer science)|object]]. Despite the name, the use of XML is not required ([[JSON]] is often used instead), and the requests do not need to be [[asynchronous I/O|asynchronous]].<ref name="wrox"><br />
{{cite book<br />
|url = http://www.wrox.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-303217.html<br />
|title = Beginning Ajax<br />
|accessdate =24 June 2008<br />
|publisher = wrox<br />
|month = March<br />
|year = 2007<br />
|first = Chris<br />
|last = Ullman<br />
|isbn = 978-0-470-10675-4<br />
| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080705101852/http://www.wrox.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-303217.html| archivedate= 5 July 2008 | deadurl= no}}<br />
</ref><br />
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Ajax is not a single technology, but a group of technologies. [[HTML]] and [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] can be used in combination to mark up and style information. The [[Document Object Model|DOM]] is accessed with JavaScript to dynamically display, and to allow the user to interact with the information presented. JavaScript and the XMLHttpRequest object provide a method for exchanging data asynchronously between browser and server to avoid full page reloads.<br />
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==History==<br />
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In the 1990s, most web sites were based on complete HTML pages. Each user action required that the page be reloaded from the server (or a new page loaded). This process was inefficient, as reflected by the user experience: all page content disappeared then reappeared. Each time a page was reloaded due to a partial change, all of the content had to be re-sent, even though only some of the information had changed. This placed additional load on the server and used excessive [[bandwidth (computing)|bandwidth]].<br />
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In 1996, the [[Iframe#Frames|iframe]] tag was introduced by [[Internet Explorer]] to load content asynchronously.<br />
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In 1998, Microsoft Outlook Web Access team implemented the first component [[XMLHTTP]] by client script.<br />
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In 1999, Microsoft utilized its iframe technology to dynamically update the news stories and stock quotes on the default page for Internet Explorer,<ref>http://home.microsoft.com</ref> and created the XMLHTTP [[ActiveX]] control in [[Internet Explorer 5]], which was later adopted by [[Mozilla]], [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]], [[Opera (web browser)|Opera]] and other browsers as the XMLHttpRequest [[JavaScript]] object.<ref name="apple">{{cite web | url = http://developer.apple.com/internet/webcontent/xmlhttpreq.html | title = Dynamic HTML and XML: The XMLHttpRequest Object | publisher = Apple Inc | accessdate =25 June 2008 }}</ref> Microsoft has adopted the native XMLHttpRequest model as of [[Internet Explorer 7]], though the ActiveX version is still supported. The utility of background HTTP requests to the server and asynchronous web technologies remained fairly obscure until it started appearing in full scale online applications such as [[Outlook Web Access]] (2000)<ref>{{cite web|last=Hopmann|first=Alex|title=Story of XMLHTTP|url=http://www.alexhopmann.com/story-of-xmlhttp/|work=Alex Hopmann’s Blog|accessdate=17 May 2010}}</ref> and [[Oddpost]] (2002).<br />
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[[Google]] made a wide deployment of standards-compliant, [[cross browser]] Ajax with [[Gmail]] (2004) and [[Google Maps]] (2005).<ref name="xhr-standard">{{cite web | url = http://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/ajaxhistory | title = A Brief History of Ajax | publisher = Aaron Swartz | date = 22 December 2005 | accessdate =4 August 2009 }}</ref><br />
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The term ''Ajax'' was coined on 18 February 2005 by [[Jesse James Garrett]] in an article entitled "Ajax: A New Approach to Web Applications", based on techniques used on Google pages.<ref name="garrett">{{cite web | url = http://www.adaptivepath.com/ideas/essays/archives/000385.php | title = Ajax: A New Approach to Web Applications | publisher = AdaptivePath.com | author = Jesse James Garrett | date = 18 February 2005 | accessdate =19 June 2008 }}</ref><br />
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On 5 April 2006 the [[World Wide Web Consortium]] (W3C) released the first draft specification for the XMLHttpRequest object in an attempt to create an official [[web standard]].<ref name="xhr-standard">{{cite web | url = http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-XMLHttpRequest-20060405/ | title = The XMLHttpRequest Object | publisher = World Wide Web Consortium | date = 5 April 2006 | accessdate =25 June 2008 | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080516060525/http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-XMLHttpRequest-20060405/| archivedate= 16 May 2008 | deadurl= no}}</ref><br />
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== Технологиялар ==<br />
''Ajax'' термині :<br />
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* [[HTML]] (немесе [[XHTML]]) және [[CSS]] <br />
* [[Document Object Model]] (DOM) динамикалық дисплейде көрсетілуге және динамикалық ақпаратты пайдалануға қолданылады<br />
* [[XML]] ақпаратпен алмасу мақсатында, және [[XSLT]] сол ақпаратты өзгерту үшін қолданылады<br />
* [[XMLHttpRequest]] объекті асинхрондық коммуникация<br />
* [[JavaScript]] барлық технологияларды біріктіру мақсатында қолданылады<br />
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== Тағы қараңыз ==<br />
* [[WebSocket]]<br />
* [[XMLHttpRequest]]<br />
* [[ActionScript]]<br />
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== Дереккөздер ==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
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== Сыртқы сілттемелер ==<br />
* [http://www.xul.fr/en-xml-ajax.html Ajax Tutorial] with GET, POST, text and XML examples.<br />
{{Веб сайттар}}<br />
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[[Санат:Ақпараттану]]<br />
[[Санат:JavaScript]]</div>Нұрлан Рахымжанов