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Sibom: /* Жаңа мекемелер */clean up, replaced: December → желтоқсан using AWB

2017-02-15T09:29:26Z

‎Жаңа мекемелер: clean up, replaced: December → желтоқсан using AWB

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{{Coord|37.37|N|122.04|W|region:US-CA|display=title}}
[[Image:SanJose Infobox Pic Montage.jpg|thumb|right|275px|[[Сан Хосе]] қала орталығы, "Силикон алқабының астанасы."]]
[[File:SAN JOSE CALIFORNIA PALM TREE 2010.jpg|thumb|right|275px|[[Сан Хосе]] қаласы орталығындағы базар.]]

'''Силикон алқабы''' - [[АҚШ]]-тағы [[Калифорния]] штатының оңтүстігінде орналасқан жоғары технологиялар индустриясының орталығы ретінде танымал аудан. Силикон алқабында [[компьютер]]лер және оның жабдықтары, әсіресе [[микропроцессор]]лар, сонымен қатар [[бағдарламалық жасақтама]]лар, мобильдік байланыс құрылғыларын т.б. дамытып, өңдіретін компаниялар тығыз орналасқан.

==Силикон алқабы сөзінің тарихы==

Ральф Ваерст ''Силликон алқабы'' сөзін қолданысқа енгізді, Қаңтар 11, 1971. Мұндағы ''алқап'' сөзі [[Санта Клара]] алқабы.

==Тарихы==

[[Image:AlumRockViewSiliconValley w.jpg|thumb|750px|center|[[Сан Хосе]]ден батысқа қарағандағы көріністердің бірі (сол-жақ шетіндегісі қала орталығы), Силикон Алқабы]]
[[Стэнфорд Университеті]], оның оқытушы ұжымы және түлектері Силикон алқабының дамуына зор үлес қосты.<ref name="Markoff">{{cite news|url=http://travel.nytimes.com/2009/04/17/travel/escapes/17Amer.html?pagewanted=1|title=Searching for Silicon Valley|last=Markoff|first=John|date=2009-04-17|work=[[New York Times]]|publisher=[[The New York Times Company]]|accessdate=2009-04-17}}</ref>

1940 - 1950 жылдары, [[Фредерик Терман]], Стэнфорд Университетінің бірінші провосты факультетті аяқтаушыларға өздерінің жаңа компанияларын бастауды бұйырады.

===Ақпараттық технологиялар дамуының қоғамдық ықпалы===

===Радио және әскери технологиялар тамыры===

===Стэнфорд Индустрия Паркі===

===Кремний транзисторы және Кремний (силикон) алқабының пайда болуы===

===Заң мекемелері===

===Жаңа мекемелер===
1970-жылдары, силикон алқабында көптеген жартылай өткізгіштік, компьютер технологияларымен және компьютерге қатысты бағдарламалық жасақтамалармен айналысатын көптеген мекеме жұмыс істейді. Нарық өте үлкен, арзан болды.

The growth was fueled by the emergence of the [[venture capital]] industry on [[Sand Hill Road]], beginning with [[Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield & Byers|Kleiner Perkins]] in 1972; the availability of venture capital exploded after the successful $1.3 billion [[IPO]] of [[Apple Inc.|Apple Computer]] in желтоқсан 1980.

===Бағдарламалық жасақтама жасау===

===Интернет көпіршігі===

==Экономикасы==

==Медиа==

===Ерекше мекемелер===
{{See also|Category:Companies based in Silicon Valley}}

Thousands of [[high-tech|high technology]] companies are headquartered in Silicon Valley. Among those, the following are in the [[Fortune 1000]]:

[[Image:Adobe HQ.jpg|thumb|right|[[Adobe Systems]]]]
[[Image:Amdheadquarters.jpg|thumb|right|[[Advanced Micro Devices]] (AMD)]]
[[File:Apple Headquarters in Cupertino.jpg|thumb|right|[[Apple Inc.]]]]
[[Image:Ciscosystemsheadquarters.jpg|thumb|right|[[Cisco Systems]]]]
[[Image:Ebayheadquarters.jpg|thumb|right|[[eBay]]]]
[[Image:1601californiaavelobby.jpg|thumb|right|[[Facebook]]]]
[[Image:Googleplexsouthside.jpg|thumb|right|[[Google]]]]
[[File:Hewlett Packard HQ entrance.jpg|thumb|right|[[Hewlett-Packard]]]]
[[Image:Intelheadquarters.jpg|thumb|right|[[Intel]]]]
[[Image:Intuit headquarters.jpg|thumb|right|[[Intuit]]]]
[[Image:Nvidiaheadquarters.jpg|thumb|right|[[Nvidia]]]]
[[Image:Oracle Corporation HQ.png|thumb|right|[[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]]]]
[[File:Sun Agnews Campus Bldgs 21 22.jpg|thumb|right|[[Sun Microsystems]]]]
[[Image:VMware HQ campus 3401 Hillview entrance.JPG|thumb|right|[[VMware]]]]
[[Image:Yahoo Headquarters.jpg|thumb|right|[[Yahoo!]]]]
[[Image:901cherryave.jpg|thumb|right|[[YouTube]]]]

{{Div col}}
* [[Adobe Systems]]
* [[Advanced Micro Devices]]
* [[Agilent Technologies]]
* [[Apple Inc.]]
* [[Applied Materials]]
* [[Cisco Systems]]
* [[eBay]]
* [[Google]]
* [[Hewlett-Packard]]
* [[Intel Corporation|Intel]]
* [[Intuit Inc.|Intuit]]
* [[Juniper Networks]]
* [[KLA Tencor]]
* [[LSI Logic]]
* [[Marvell Semiconductors]]
* [[Maxim Integrated Products]]
* [[National Semiconductor]]
* [[NetApp]]
* [[Nvidia]]
* [[Oracle Corporation]]
* [[Salesforce.com]]
* [[SanDisk]]
* [[Sanmina-SCI]]
* [[Symantec]]
* [[Yahoo!]]
{{Div col end}}

Additional notable companies headquartered (or with a significant presence) in Silicon Valley include (some defunct or subsumed):
{{Div col}}
* [[3Com]] (acquired by [[HP]])
* [[A10 Networks]]
* [[Actel]]
* [[Actuate|Actuate Corporation]]
* [[Adaptec]]
* [[Aeria Games and Entertainment]]
* [[Akamai Technologies]] (HQ in Cambridge, Massachusetts)
* [[Altera]]
* [[Amazon.com]]'s [[A9.com]]
* [[Amazon.com]]'s [[Lab126|Lab126.com]]
* [[Amdahl Corporation|Amdahl]]
* [[Ampex]]
* [[Antibody Solutions]]
* [[Aricent]]
* [[Asus]]
* [[Atari, Inc|Atari]]
* [[Atmel]]
* [[Broadcom]]
* [[Brocade Communications Systems]]
* [[BEA Systems]] (acquired by [[Oracle Corporation]])
* [[Business Objects (company)|Business Objects]] (acquired by [[SAP AG|SAP]])
* [[Cypress Semiconductor]]
* [[Electronic Arts]]
* [[EMC Corporation]] (headquartered in Hopkinton, Massachusetts)
* [[E*TRADE]] (headquartered in New York, NY)
* [[Facebook]]
* [[Fairchild Semiconductor]]
* [[Force10]]
* [[Foundry Networks]]
* [[Fujitsu]] (headquartered in Tokyo, Japan)
* [[Hitachi Data Systems]]
* [[Hitachi Global Storage Technologies]]
* [[IBM Almaden Research Center]] (headquartered in Armonk, New York)
* [[IDEO]]
* [[Intuitive Surgical]]
* [[LinkedIn]]
* [[Logitech]]
* [[LynuxWorks]]
* [[Maxtor]] (acquired by [[Seagate Technology|Seagate]])
* [[McAfee]] (acquired by [[Intel]])
* [[Memorex]] (acquired by [[Imation]] and moved to [[Cerritos, California]])
* [[Micron Technology]] (headquartered in [[Boise, Idaho]])
* [[Microsoft]] (headquartered in [[Redmond, Washington]])
* [[Mozilla Foundation]]
* [[Move Inc]]
* [[Nokia]] (headquartered in [[Espoo, Finland]])
* [[Nokia Siemens Networks]] (headquartered in [[Espoo, Finland]])
* [[Netflix]]
* [[Netscape Communications Corporation|Netscape]] (acquired by [[AOL]])
* [[NeXT|NeXT Computer, Inc.]] (acquired by [[Apple Computer|Apple]])
* [[Ning (website)|Ning]]
* [[NXP Semiconductors]]
* [[Olivetti]] (headquartered in [[Ivrea]], [[Italy]])
* [[Opera Software]] (headquartered in [[Oslo]], [[Norway]])
* [[OPPO]]
* [[Palm, Inc.]] (acquired by [[HP]])
* [[PalmSource, Inc.]] (acquired by [[Access Co.|ACCESS]])
* [[PayPal]] (now part of [[eBay]])
* [[Philips Lumileds Lighting Company]]
* [[Playdom]]
* [[PlayPhone]]
* [[Qualcomm, Inc.]] (HQ in [[San Diego]], [[California|CA]])
* [[Quanta Computer]]
* [[Quantcast]]
* [[Rambus]]
* [[Riverbed Technology]]
* [[Roblox|ROBLOX]]
* [[RSA Security|RSA]] (acquired by [[EMC Corporation|EMC]])
* [[Redback Networks]] (acquired by [[Ericsson]])
* [[Salesforce.com]]
* [[SAP AG]] (headquartered in [[Walldorf]], Germany)
* [[Siemens]] (headquartered in [[Berlin]] and [[Munich]], Germany)
* [[Silicon Graphics]]
* [[Silicon Image]]
* [[Solectron]] (acquired by [[Flextronics]])
* [[Sony]] (headquartered in [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]])
* [[Sony Ericsson]]
* [[SRI International]]
* [[Sun Microsystems]] (acquired by [[Oracle Corporation]])
* [[SunPower]]
* [[Tibco Software]]
* [[Tesla Motors]]
* [[TWiT]]
* [[Tellme Networks]] (acquired by [[Microsoft Corporation|Microsoft]])
* [[TiVo]]
* [[VA Software]] ([[Slashdot]])
* [[WebEx]] (acquired by [[Cisco Systems]])
* [[Western Digital]]
* [[VeriSign]]
* [[Veritas Software]] (acquired by [[Symantec]])
* [[VMware]]
* [[Vocera]]
* [[Xilinx]]
* [[YouTube]] (acquired by [[Google]])
* [[Yelp, Inc.]]
* [[Zoran Corporation]]
{{Div col end}}

Silicon Valley is also home to the high-tech [[superstore]] retail chain [[Fry's Electronics]].

===Саясаткерлері===
* [[Moffett Federal Airfield]]
* [[NASA Ames Research Center]]
* [[Onizuka Air Force Station]]

==Университеттер және колледждер==
* [[San José State University]]
* [[San Francisco State University]]
* [[Stanford University]]
* [[Santa Clara University]]
* [[John F. Kennedy University]] Campbell Campus
* [[University of California, Berkeley]] Extension
* [[University of California, Santa Cruz]] Extension
* [[Hult International Business School]]
* [[Carnegie Mellon Silicon Valley|Carnegie Mellon University (Silicon Valley campus)]]
* [[Golden Gate University]] Silicon Valley Campus
* [[Silicon Valley University]]
* [[California State University, East Bay]], [[Hayward, California|Hayward]]
* [[University of Phoenix]] San Jose Campus
* [[University of San Francisco]] South Bay Campus
* [[Lincoln Law School of San Jose]]
* [[University of Silicon Valley Law School]]
* [[San Jose City College]]
* [[Menlo College]]
* [[Evergreen Valley College]]
* [[Foothill College]]
* [[De Anza College]]
* [[Chabot College]]
* [[Peralta Colleges]]
* [[Mission College (Santa Clara, California)|Mission College]]
* [[West Valley College]]
* [[National Hispanic University]]
* [[Ohlone College]]
* [[Cogswell Polytechnical College]]
* [[The Art Institute of California – Sunnyvale]]

==Қалалары==
Силикон алқабында орналасқан қалалар тізімі:
* [[Campbell, California|Campbell]]
* [[Cupertino, California|Cupertino]]
* [[Gilroy, California|Gilroy]]
* [[Los Altos, California|Los Altos]]
* [[Los Altos Hills, California|Los Altos Hills]]
* [[Los Gatos, California|Los Gatos]]
* [[Milpitas, California|Milpitas]]
* [[Monte Sereno, California|Monte Sereno]]
* [[Morgan Hill, California|Morgan Hill]]
* [[Mountain View, Santa Clara County, California|Mountain View]]
* [[Palo Alto, California|Palo Alto]]
* [[San Jose, California|San Jose]]
* [[Santa Clara, California|Santa Clara]]
* [[Saratoga, California|Saratoga]]
* [[Sunnyvale, California|Sunnyvale]]

Ауданға қатысы бар қалалар тізімі:

* [[East Palo Alto, California|East Palo Alto]] (San Mateo County)
* [[Emeryville, California|Emeryville]] (Alameda County, home to Pixar, Ask.com(Ask Jeeves), Pandora Media, MobiTV)
* [[Foster City, California|Foster City]]
* [[Fremont, California|Fremont]] (Alameda County)
* [[Hayward, California|Hayward]] (Alameda County) (home of [[California State University, East Bay]] and [[Dust Networks]])<ref>[http://www.edab.org/regions/northern_silicon_valley_region.htm]</ref>
* [[Menlo Park, California|Menlo Park]] (San Mateo County, location of some venture capital companies)
* [[Newark, California|Newark]] (Alameda County)
* [[Redwood City, California|Redwood City]] (San Mateo County, home to Oracle, Electronic Arts and PDI/DreamWorks)
* [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]] (San Francisco County, home to Quantcast, Salesforce, Square, Twitter, Wikipedia, Yelp, and Zynga)
* [[San Mateo, California]] (San Mateo County; home to Akamai's Silicon Valley office; YouTube was founded here; home to SolarCity, NetSuite among others)
* [[Scotts Valley, California|Scotts Valley]] (Santa Cruz County, home to Seagate Technology among others)

==Тағы қараңыз==
{{Portal|San Francisco Bay Area}}
* [[List of attractions in Silicon Valley]]
* [[List of places with "Silicon" names]]
* [[List of research parks]] around the world
* [[List of technology centers]] around the world
* [[Microcomputer revolution]]
* ''[[Pirates of Silicon Valley]]'' — 1999 movie
* [[Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition]]
* [[Sustainable Silicon Valley]] (SSV)
* [[Silicon Border]]
* [[San Fernando Valley]], sometimes erroneously called "Silicon Valley"
* [[Silicon Fen]]
* [[Titanium Valley]]
* ''[[Triumph of the Nerds|Triumph of the Nerds: The Rise of Accidental Empires]]'' — 1996 documentary
* [[Optics Valley]]
* [[Silicon Wadi]]
* [[Old Street Roundabout|Silicon Roundabout]]

==Сілттемелер==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Арғы оқылымдар==

{{Refbegin|2}}
* ''Making Silicon Valley: Innovation and the Growth of High Tech, 1930–1970'' by Christophe Lécuyer, MIT Press (2006)
* ''[[Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution]]'' by [[Steven Levy]], Garden City, New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday (1984)
* ''A History of Silicon Valley: The Greatest Creation of Wealth in the History of the Planet'' by Arun Rao and Piero Scaruffi, Omniware Press (2010), ISBN 0-9765531-8-X
* ''Behind the Silicon Curtain: The Seductions of Work in a Lonely Era'', [[Dennis Hayes]], London: [[Free Association Books]] (1989)
* [http://www.thomasscoville.com/merc2.html Silicon Valley, Inc.: Ruminations on the Demise of a Unique Culture], The San Jose Mercury News (1997)
* ''[http://www.sup.org/book.cgi?isbn=0804744297 Cultures@Silicon Valley]'', J. A. English-Lueck, Stanford: Stanford University Press (2002)
* ''The Silicon Valley of Dreams: Environmental Injustice, Immigrant Workers, and the High-Tech Global Economy'', David Naguib Pellow and Lisa Sun-Hee Park, New York University Press (2003)
* ''What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry'', John Markoff, Viking (2005)
* ''Silicon Follies: A Dot. Comedy'', [[Thomas Scoville]], Pocket Books (2000)
* ''The Silicon Boys: And Their Valleys Of Dreams'', David A. Kaplan, Harper Perinneal (сәуір 2000), ISBN 0-688-17906-1
* [http://pup.princeton.edu/titles/7859.html Cities of knowledge: Cold War science and the search for the next Silicon Valley], Margaret Pugh O’Mara, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, (2005)
* ''[[Accidental Empires]]: How the boys of Silicon Valley make their millions, battle foreign competition, and still can't get a date'', [[Robert X. Cringely]], Addison-Wesley Publishing, (1992), ISBN 0-201-57032-7
* Silicon Valley: 110 Year Renaissance, John McLaughlin, Leigh Weimers, Ward Winslow, Santa Clara Valley Historical Association (2008), ISBN 0-9649217-4-X
* ''Fire in the Valley: The Making of The Personal Computer'' by Paul Freiberger & Michael Swaine, McGraw-Hill (1984)
* ''Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128'' by AnnaLee Saxenian, Harvard University Press (1996), ISBN 0-674-75340-2
* ''Clusters of Creativity: Enduring Lessons on Innovation and Entrepreneurship from Silicon Valley and Europe's Silicon Fen'' by Rob Koepp, John Wiley (2002), ISBN 0-471-49604-9
* ''The Nudist on the Late Shift: And Other True Tales of Silicon Valley'' by Po Bronson, Random House (1999), ISBN 0-375-50277-7
{{Refend}}

==Сыртқы сілттемелер==
* [http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/santaclara/intro.htm California's Historic Silicon Valley]
* [http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1999/12/27/BU52171.DTL Growth of a Silicon Empire] by [[Henry Norr]] published at the end of 1999 in the ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]''
* {{PDFlink|[http://ipc-lis.mit.edu/globalization/Silicon%20Valley.pdf How Silicon Valley Came to Be]|90.0 [[Kibibyte|KiB]]}}
* [http://news-service.stanford.edu/news/2004/february4/silicon-24.html Red tile roofs in Bangalore: Stanford's look copied in Silicon Valley and beyond] from [[Stanford University]]
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20071220023204/http://www2.sjsu.edu/depts/anthropology/svcp/ The Silicon Valley Cultures Project] from [[San Jose State University]]
* [http://www.siliconvalleyhistorical.org/home Silicon Valley Historical Association]
* [http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2010/08/27/travel/20100905SILICON.html A Weekend in Silicon Valley] - slideshow by ''[[The New York Times]]''

[[Санат:Калифорния]]
[[Санат:Компьютер]]

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Sibom: /* Жаңа мекемелер */clean up, replaced: December → желтоқсан using AWB