https://kk.encyclopedia.kz/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=CorkythehornetfanҚазақ Энциклопедиясы - Қатысушы үлестері [kk-kz]2026-04-19T06:15:33ZҚатысушы үлестеріMediaWiki 1.23.3https://kk.encyclopedia.kz/index.php/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96Остиндегі Техас Университеті2016-11-19T08:53:45Z<p>Corkythehornetfan: (GR) File renamed: File:UofTatA.svg → File:University of Texas at Austin logo.svg moved from a misleading to name</p>
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<div>{{Университет<br />
|Аты = Остиндегі Техас Университеті<br />
|Қысқартылған аты = The University of Texas at Austin<br />
|Эмблемасы = [[Сурет:University of Texas at Austin logo.svg]]<br />
|Сурет =<br />
|Шынайы аты = <br />
|Халықаралық атауы = <br />
|Бұрынғы атауы = <br />
|Ұраны = Disciplina praesidium civitatis ([[Латын]])<br />
|Құрылған жылы = <br />
|Жабылған жылы =<br />
|Қайта құрылған =<br />
|Қайта құрылған жылы =<br />
|Түрі = <br />
|Басшының лауазымы = <br />
|Фио лауазымы = <br />
|Президенті = <br />
|Ғылыми жетекшісі = <br />
|Ректоры = <br />
|Студенттер = <br />
|Шетел студенттері = <br />
|Мамандар = <br />
|Бакалавриат = <br />
|Магистратура = <br />
|Аспирантура =<br />
|Докторантура = <br />
|Ғылым доктары = <br />
|Профессоры = <br />
|Оқытушылар = <br />
|Орналасқан жері = <br />
|Метро бекеті = <br />
|Кампус =<br />
|Мекенжайы =<br />
|Сайты = <br />
|Марапаттары = <br />
|lat_dir = N |lat_deg = |lat_min = |lat_sec = <br />
|lon_dir = E |lon_deg = |lon_min = |lon_sec = <br />
|CoordScale = <br />
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|edu_region =<br />
|image_name = Large university-of-texas seal rgb(199-91-18).png<br />
|image_size = 200px<br />
|motto = Disciplina praesidium civitatis ([[Latin]])<br />
|mottoeng = Cultivated mind is the guardian genius of democracy<ref>[[Latin]] rendering of [[Mirabeau B. Lamar]] quote</ref><br />
|established = September 15, 1883<br />
|type = [[Flagship#Education|Flagship]] [[state university system|state university]]<br/>[[Space-grant university]]<br />
|calendar = Semester<br />
|president = [[William C. Powers|William C. Powers, Jr.]]<br />
|city = [[Austin, Texas|Austin]]<br />
|state = [[Texas]]<br />
|country = [[United States|USA]]<br />
|students = <!-- 50,006 --><br />
|undergrad = 38,463<ref name="12th Class Day Fall 2011">{{cite web | title=Overall Hispanic Enrollment Rises at The University of Texas at Austin | url=http://www.utexas.edu/athletics/ | accessdate=January 25, 2011}}</ref><br />
|postgrad = 12,682<ref name="12th Class Day Fall 2011"/><br />
|faculty = 2,770<ref name="2009-2010 Common Data Set"/><br />
|staff = >21,000<br />
|alumni = 450,000<ref>[http://www.utexas.edu/welcome/profile.html Campus Profile] ''The University of Texas.'.' Retrieved December 1, 2005.</ref><br />
|nobel_laureates=Total of [[Nobel Prize laureates by university affiliation|9]]: graduate (2), attendee or researcher (3), faculty before or at the time of award (2), invited faculty after award (2)<br />
|endowment = US$2.8 billion<ref>{{cite web | url = http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/university-of-texas-3658|title=University of Texas - Austin Summary | format = html | accessdate =April 4, 2011}}</ref> <!--systemwide data should be on UT system page: US$14.1 [[1000000000 (number)|billion]] (systemwide)<ref>{{cite web | title = 2010 NACUBO Endowment Study | publisher = NACUBO | url = http://www.nacubo.org/Documents/research/2010NCSE_Public_Tables_Endowment_Market_Values_Final.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate =April 4, 2011}}</ref>--><br />
|campus = Urban, 423.5 acres (1.714 km<sup>2</sup>)<br />
|former_names = The University of Texas<br/>(1883–1967)<ref>[http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/UU/kcu9.html Handbook of Texas Online – UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN]</ref><br />
|sports = [[Texas Longhorns]]<br />
|nickname = [[Texas longhorn (cattle)|Longhorns]]<br />
|mascot = [[Bevo (mascot)|Bevo]] & [[Hook 'em (mascot)|Hook 'em]]<br />
|work=utexas.edu<br />
|colors = [[Orange (colour)#Burnt orange|Burnt orange]] and white<ref name="burntorange">[http://fpdi.setasign.de/examples/fpditest.php?f=19 The University of Texas Style Guidelines] – signed by president [[Larry Faulkner]]. Retrieved February 27, 2006.</ref> {{color box|#CC5500}}{{color box|#FFFFFF}}<br /><span><br />
|work = utexas.edu<br />
|logo = [[File:University of Texas at Austin logo.svg|150px]]<br />
|footnotes = }}<br />
<br />
'''Остиндегі Техас Университеті''' ('''The University of Texas at Austin''', '''University of Texas''', '''UT Austin''' немесе '''UT''') штаттық зерттеу университеті, Техас жүйесінің жалауы .<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mup.asu.edu/research2007.pdf |format=PDF|title=The Top American Research Universities – 2007 |accessdate=May 6, 2008 }}</ref><ref name="flagship1">{{cite news | url=http://www.utexas.edu/opa/news/2005/07/mcdonald21.html | title=Texas flagship universities celebrate milestone of Giant Magellan Telescope partnership | publisher=University of Texas | date=шілде 21, 2005 | accessdate=September 28, 2006}} {{Dead link|date=қазан 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref name="flagship4">{{cite web | url=http://www.nndb.com/edu/364/000082118/ | title=University of Texas | work=NNDB | accessdate=September 28, 2006}}</ref><ref name="flagship5">{{cite news | url=http://washingtontimes.com/culture/20051002-1033006882r.htm | title=Flagship university of Texas seeks to boost diversity | author=Austin, Liz | date=3 қазан 2005 | accessdate=20a06-09-28}}</ref> 1883 жылы негізі салынды. 2010 жылғы санақ бойынша АҚШтарында бесінші ең ірі университет , мұнда 50,000 астам студент оқиды, 24,000 оқытушы жұмыс жасауды.<ref>{{cite web | title=Campus Profile: University of Texas at Austin| url=http://www.utexas.edu/about-ut/campus-profile}}</ref> Texas A&M Университетінен кейін сдудент саны бойынша екінші университет.<ref>{{cite web | title=Texas Higher Education Enrollments | url=http://www.txhighereddata.org/Reports/DocFetch.cfm?DocID=1434&Format=XLS&Confirmed=1}}</ref><br />
<!--<br />
The University of Texas at Austin was named one of the original eight [[Public Ivy]] institutions<ref>''The Public Ivies: America's Flagship Public Universities'' (2001) by Howard and Matthew Greene</ref> and was inducted into the [[American Association of Universities]] in 1929.<ref>{{cite web | title=Association of American Universities | url=http://www.aau.edu/about/article.aspx?id=5476 | accessdate=November 7, 2009}}</ref> The university is a major center for academic research, with research expenditures exceeding $640 million for the 2009–2010 school year.<ref name="utexas.edu">{{cite web | title=President Powers Delivers 2010 State of the University Address | url=http://www.utexas.edu/news/2010/09/15/powers_2010address/ | accessdate=September 15, 2010}}</ref> The university houses seven museums and seventeen libraries, including the [[Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum]] and the [[Blanton Museum of Art]],<ref>{{cite web | title=About UT | url=http://www.utexas.edu/about-ut | accessdate=January 25, 2011}}</ref> and operates various auxiliary research facilities, such as the [[J. J. Pickle Research Campus]] and the [[McDonald Observatory]]. Among university faculty are recipients of the Nobel Prize, [[Pulitzer Prize]], the [[Wolf Prize]], and the [[National Medal of Science]], as well as many other awards.<ref>{{cite web | title=Research Recogntion | url=http://www.utexas.edu/research/recognition/ | accessdate=January 25, 2011}}</ref><br />
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UT Austin student athletes compete as the [[Texas Longhorns]] and are members of the [[Big 12 Conference]]. The university has won four [[NCAA Division I]] National Football Championships, and has claimed more titles in men's and women's sports than any other school in the Big 12 since the league was founded in 1996.<ref name="UT Athletics">{{cite web | title=UT Athletics | url=http://www.utexas.edu/athletics/ | accessdate=January 25, 2011}}</ref> Current and former UT Austin athletes have won 117 Olympic medals, including 14 in Beijing in 2008.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.texassports.com/ot/tex-olympians-ut-at-olympics.html | title=Texas Longhorns Championships History: UT at the Olympics | work=TexasSports.com | accessdate=қазан 17, 2011}}</ref> The university was recognized by ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' as "America's Best Sports College" in 2002.<ref>{{cite news | title=America's Best Sports Colleges | url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/si_online/news/2002/10/01/1_10/ | work=CNN}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
{{Main|History of the University of Texas at Austin}}<br />
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===Establishment===<br />
The first mention of a public university in Texas can be traced to the 1827 constitution for the [[Mexico|Mexican]] state of [[Coahuila y Tejas]]. Although an article promised to establish public education in the arts and sciences, no action was taken by the Mexican government. But after Texas obtained its [[Texas Declaration of Independence|independence]] from Mexico in 1836, the Congress of Texas adopted the [[Constitution of the Republic of Texas|Constitution of the Republic]], which included a provision to establish public education in the [[Republic of Texas|republic]], including two universities or colleges. On January 26, 1839, the Congress of Texas agreed to eventually set aside fifty [[league (unit)|league]]s of land towards the effort; in addition, {{convert|40|acre|m2}} in the new capital of Austin were reserved and designated "College Hill."<ref name="TSHA">{{cite web|url=http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/UU/kcu9.html |title=University of Texas at Austin |accessdate=May 2, 2009 |publisher=The Handbook of Texas}}</ref><br />
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In 1845, Texas was [[Texas Annexation|annexed]] into the [[United States]] of America. The state legislature passed the Act of 1858, which set aside $100,000 in United States [[bond (finance)|bonds]] towards construction of a university. In addition, the legislature designated land, previously reserved for the encouragement of railroad construction, toward the universities' fifty leagues. But Texas's [[secession]] from the Union and the [[American Civil War]] prevented further action on these plans.<br />
[[Image:Oldmainbuilding.jpg|right|thumbnail|The university's Old Main Building in 1903]]<br />
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After the war, the 1862 [[Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act|Morrill Act]] facilitated the creation of what is now [[Texas A&M University]], which was established in 1876 as the Agricultural & Mechanical College of Texas.<ref name="TSHA"/> The [[Texas Constitution|Texas Constitution of 1876]] mandated that the state establish a university "at an early day," calling for the creation of a "university of the first class," styled "'''The University of Texas.'''" It revoked the endowment of the railroad lands of the Act of 1858 but appropriated {{convert|1000000|acre|km2}} in West Texas. In 1883, another two million were granted, with income from the sale of land and [[grazing rights]] going to The University of Texas and Texas A&M.<ref name="TSHA"/><br />
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In 1881, Austin was chosen as the site of the main university, and Galveston was designated the location of the medical department. On the original "College Hill," an official ceremony began construction on what is now referred to as the old Main Building in late 1882. The university opened its doors on September 15, 1883.<br />
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===Expansion and growth===<br />
[[Image:UT tower lit entirely in orange.jpg|left|upright|thumb|[[Main Building (University of Texas at Austin)|The Tower]], completed in 1937, stands 307 ft (94 m) tall and dons [[Main Building (University of Texas at Austin)#Lighting|different colors of lighting on special occasions.]]]]<br />
The old [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]]-[[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic]] [[Main Building (University of Texas at Austin)|Main Building]] served as the central point of the campus's {{convert|40|acre|m2|adj=on}} site, and was used for nearly all purposes. But by the 1930s, discussions arose about the need for new library space, and the Main Building was razed in 1934 over the objections of many students and faculty. The modern-day tower and Main Building were constructed in its place.<br />
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In 1910, George Brackenridge donated {{convert|500|acre|km2}} on the [[Colorado River (Texas)|Colorado River]] to the university . A vote by the regents to move the campus to the donated land was met with outrage, and the land has only been used for auxiliary purposes such as graduate student housing. Part of the tract was sold in the late-1990s for luxury housing, and there are controversial proposals to sell the remainder of the tract. The [[Brackenridge Field Laboratory]] was established on {{convert|82|acre|m2}} of the land in 1967.<br />
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As a result of the controversy, in 1921, the legislature appropriated $1,350,000 for the purchase of land adjacent to the main campus. But expansion was hampered by the constitutional restriction against funding the construction of buildings. With the discovery of [[petroleum|oil]] on university-owned grounds in 1923, the institution was able to put its new wealth towards its general endowment fund. These savings allowed the passing of amendments to make way for bond issues in 1931 and 1947, with the latter expansion necessary from the spike in enrollment following World War II. The university built 19 permanent structures between 1950 and 1965, when it was given the right of [[eminent domain]]. With this power, the university purchased additional properties surrounding the original {{convert|40|acre|m2}}.<br />
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During World War II, the University of Texas was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the [[V-12 Navy College Training Program]] which offered students a path to a Navy commission.<ref name="list-of-v-12">{{cite web |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/Admin-Hist/115-8thND/115-8ND-23.html |title=U.S. Naval Administration in World War II |publisher=HyperWar Foundation |accessdate=September 29, 2011 |year=2011}}</ref><br />
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===1966 shooting spree===<br />
On August 1, 1966, Texas student [[Charles Whitman]] barricaded the observation deck in the tower of the Main Building. With two rifles, a [[sawed-off shotgun]] and various other weapons, he killed 16 people on campus from the observation deck, below the clocks on the tower and three more in the tower, as well as wounding two more inside the observation deck. Whitman had been a patient at the University Health Center, and on March 29, preceding the shootings, had conveyed to psychiatrist Maurice Heatley his feelings of overwhelming hostilities and that he was thinking about "going up on the tower with a deer rifle and start shooting people."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://alt.cimedia.com/statesman/specialreports/whitman/heatley.pdf |title=Charles Whitman #8009 |first=M.D. |last=Heatley, M.D. |date=March 29, 1966}}</ref> Following the Whitman event, the observation deck was closed until 1968, and then closed again in 1975 following a series of suicide jumps during the 1970s. In 1999, after installation of security fencing and other safety precautions, the tower observation deck reopened to the public.<br />
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===Recent history===<br />
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The first [[presidential library]] on a university campus was dedicated on May 22, 1971 with former [[Lyndon B. Johnson|President Johnson]], [[Lady Bird Johnson]] and then-President [[Richard Nixon]] in attendance. Constructed on the eastern side of the main campus, the [[Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum]] is one of 13 presidential libraries administered by the [[National Archives and Records Administration]].<br />
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[[Image:DKR 2008 longhorns.jpg|thumb|right|[[Darrell K. Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium]]]]<br />
The University of Texas has experienced a wave of new construction recently with several significant buildings. On April 30, 2006, the school opened the [[Blanton Museum of Art]].<ref>The University of Texas at Austin Visitor's Guide, 2008, p. 21</ref> In August 2008, the AT&T Executive Education and Conference Center opened, with the hotel and conference center forming part of a new gateway to the university. Also in 2008, [[Darrell K Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium]] was expanded to a seating capacity of 100,119, making it the largest stadium (by capacity) in the state of Texas.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.mysanantonio.com/sports/page2/29657234.html | title= Utility Infielder: Another stadium set for demolition | publisher=San Antonio Express-News | date=September 24, 2008 |accessdate=қазан 20, 2008}}</ref><br />
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On the morning of September 28, 2010, 19-year-old Colton Tooley opened fire on campus with an [[AK-47]] [[semi-automatic rifle]], resulting in a lockdown of the university campus. He then walked into the Perry-Castañeda Library and committed suicide.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.statesman.com/blogs/content/shared-gen/blogs/austin/blotter/entries/2010/09/28/police_on_scene_of_shooting_on.html | title=UT campus given all-clear after Tuesday morning shooting | publisher= The Austin American-Statesman | date=September 28, 2010 |accessdate=September 28, 2010}}</ref><br />
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On January 19, 2011, the university announced the creation of a 24-hour television network in partnership with [[ESPN]], dubbed the [[Longhorn Network]]. ESPN will pay a $300 million guaranteed rights fee over 20 years to the university and to IMG College, UT Austin's multimedia rights partner. The network covers the university's intercollegiate athletics, music, cultural arts and academics programs. The channel first aired in September 2011.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.utexas.edu/news/2011/01/19/espn_tv_network/ | title=ESPN, IMG Introduce TV Network for The University of Texas at Austin | publisher=The University of Texas at Austin | date=January 19, 2011 |accessdate=January 25, 2011}}</ref><br />
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==Campus==<br />
{{See also|List of University of Texas at Austin buildings}}<br />
The University's property totals {{convert|1438.5|acres|ha}}, comprising the {{convert|423.5|acres|ha}} for the Main Campus in central [[Austin, Texas|Austin]] and other the [[J. J. Pickle Research Campus]] in north Austin and the other properties throughout Texas. The main campus has 150 buildings totalling over {{convert|18000000|sqft|m2}}.<br />
[[Image:Johnson library.jpg|thumb|right|[[Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum]]]]<br />
[[Image:Gregory Gym.jpg|thumb|right|[[Gregory Gymnasium]]]]<br />
One of the University's most visible features is the [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts]] [[Main Building (University of Texas at Austin)|Main Building]], including a {{convert|307|ft|m|sing=on}} tower designed by [[Paul Philippe Cret]].<ref>[http://www.utexas.edu/tours/mainbuilding/ The Main Building] ''The University of Texas.'.' Retrieved December 1, 2005.</ref> Completed in 1937, the Main Building is in the middle of campus. The tower usually appears illuminated in white light in the evening but is lit orange for various special occasions, including athletic victories and academic accomplishments; it is conversely darkened for solemn occasions.<ref>[http://www.utexas.edu/opa/pubs/oncampus/02oc_issues/oc020129/oc_tower.html University approves new policy for lighting The Tower] ''On Campus.'.' Retrieved December 1, 2005.</ref> At the top of the tower is a [[carillon]] of 56 bells, the largest in Texas. Songs are played on weekdays by [http://www.texascarillon.com student carillonneurs], in addition to the usual pealing of [[Westminster Quarters]] every quarter hour between 6&nbsp;am and 9&nbsp;pm<ref>[http://www.utexas.edu/tours/mainbuilding/news/carillon/kcfacts.html A few facts about Knicker Carillon] ''On Campus.'.' Retrieved December 1, 2005.</ref> In 1998, after the installation of security and safety measures, the observation deck reopened to the public indefinitely for weekend tours.<ref>[http://www.utexas.edu/universityunions/texas-union/scene/tower-tours] ''The Texas Union.'.' Retrieved December 1, 2005.</ref><br />
[[Image:Littlefield house 2007.jpg|right|thumb|The [[Littlefield House]], used today by the university's Office of Resource Development, was constructed in 1893 and is listed in the [[National Register of Historic Places]].]]<br />
The university's seven museums and seventeen libraries hold over nine million volumes, making it the seventh-largest academic library in the country.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/admin/cird/statisticaloverview2007.html | title=Statistical Overview of the Library Collections, 2007 | accessdate=January 25, 2011}} ''The University of Texas Libraries.'.' Retrieved December 1, 2005.</ref> The holdings of the university's [[Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center]] include one of only 21 remaining complete copies of the [[Gutenberg Bible]] and the first permanent photograph, ''[[View from the Window at Le Gras]]'', taken by [[Nicéphore Niépce]].<ref>[http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/permanent/gutenberg/ The Gutenberg Bible at the Ransom Center] ''Harry Ransom Center.'.' Retrieved December 1, 2005.</ref> The newest museum, the {{convert|155000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} [[Blanton Museum of Art]], is the largest university art museum in the United States and hosts approximately 17,000 works from Europe, the United States, and Latin America.<ref>{{cite web | title=Blanton Museum of Art Poised to Become Largest University Museum in the United States | url=http://www.utexas.edu/finearts/about/press/blanton-museum-art-poised-become-largest-university-museum-united-states | accessdate=January 25, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Blanton Museum of Art: About | url=http://blantonmuseum.org/about/ | accessdate=January 25, 2011}}</ref><br />
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The University of Texas has an extensive underground tunnel system that links all of the buildings on campus. Constructed in the 1930s under the supervision of creator Carl Eckhardt, then head of the physical plant, the tunnels have grown along with the university campus. They currently measure approximately six miles in total length.<ref>[http://www.dailytexanonline.com/top-stories/tunneling-for-truth-the-myth-explained-1.1775531 Tunneling for truth: the myth explained] ''The Daily Texan.''</ref><ref>[http://www.betterthanyourboyfriend.com/the-secret-tunnels-under-ut.htm The Secret Tunnels Under The University of Texas] ''Better Than Your Boyfriend.''</ref> The tunnel system is used for communications and utility service. It is closed to the public and is guarded by [[burglar alarm|silent alarms]]. Since the late 1940s the university has generated its own electricity. Today its natural gas cogeneration plant has a capacity of 123 MW. The university also operates a 1.1 megawatt [[TRIGA]] nuclear reactor at the J.J. Pickle Research Campus.<ref name="Nuclear">[http://www.me.utexas.edu/~nuclear/about.htm Nuclear Engineering Teaching Lab] ''Nuclear and Radiation Engineering Program.'.' Retrieved February 10, 2006.</ref><ref name="Nuclear"/><ref>Collier, Bill. Reactor draws safety questions. ''[[Austin American-Statesman]]''. December 15, 1989.</ref><br />
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The university continues to expand its facilities on campus. In 2010, the university opened the state-of-the-art Norman Hackerman building (on the location of the former Experimental Sciences Building) housing chemistry and biology research and teaching laboratories. In 2010, the university broke ground on the $120 million Bill & Melinda Gates Computer Science Complex and Dell Computer Science Hall and the $51 million Belo Center for New Media, both of which are slated to open in 2012.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cs.utexas.edu/newbuilding/ | title=The New Home of UTCS | publisher=Department of Computer Science at UT Austin | date=January 18, 2011 |accessdate=January 25, 2011}}</ref> The new [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design|LEED]] gold-certified, {{convert|110000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} Student Activity Center (SAC) opened in January 2011, housing study rooms, lounges and food vendors. The SAC was constructed as a result of a student referendum passed in 2006 which raised student fees by $65 per semester.<ref>{{cite news | url=<br />
http://www.dailytexanonline.com/content/student-activity-center-opens-business | title=Student Activity Center Opens for Business | publisher=The Daily Texan | date=January 18, 2011 |accessdate=January 25, 2011}}</ref><br />
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The university operates a public radio station, [[KUT]], which provides local [[FM broadcasting|FM broadcasts]] as well as live streaming audio over the Internet. The university uses [[Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority|Capital Metro]] to provide bus transportation for students around the campus and throughout Austin.<br />
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==Academic profile==<br />
[[Image:UTAustin business.jpg|left|thumb|[[McCombs School of Business]]]]<br /><br />
{{Infobox US university ranking<br />
| Forbes = 104<br />
| ARWU_W = 35<br />
| ARWU_N = 27<br />
| QS_W = 76<br />
| THES_W = 25<br />
| USNWR_NU = 45<br />
| HRLR_W = 42<br />
| Wamo_NU = 19<br />
}}<br />
[[Image:UT Austin Mustangs campus.JPG|thumb|right|[[Alexander Phimister Proctor|Proctor's]] ''Mustangs'' (1948) overlooking the [[Cockrell School of Engineering|Engineering Sciences buildings]]]]<br />
UT Austin is consistently ranked as one of the top public universities in the country, with highly prestigious programs in a variety of fields. Nationally, UT Austin ranked 45th amongst all universities according to ''U.S. News and World Report'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/national-universities-rankings |title=National Universities Rankings – Best Colleges – Education – US News and World Report |publisher=Colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com |date=August 19, 2009 |accessdate=April 27, 2010}}</ref> and tied for 13th place among public universities in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/national-top-public |title=Best Colleges – Education – US News and World Report |publisher=Colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com |date=August 19, 2009 |accessdate=December 14, 2011}}</ref> The [[University of Texas School of Architecture]] was ranked second among national undergraduate programs in 2012.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://archrecord.construction.com/features/Americas_Best_Architecture_Schools/2012/schools-2.asp | title=America's Best Architecture Schools | publisher=DesignIntelligence | accessdate=April 1, 2012}}</ref> Additionally, the [[McCombs School of Business]] was ranked seventh among undergraduate business programs in 2010,<ref>{{cite news | url=http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/spec-business | title=Best Undergraduate Business Programs | publisher=U.S. News and World Report | accessdate=August 17, 2010}}</ref> and the [[Cockrell School of Engineering]] was ranked ninth among undergraduate engineering programs in 2009.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/spec-doct-engineering | title=Best Undergraduate Engineering Programs | publisher=U.S. News and World Report | accessdate=January 19, 2010}}</ref> Internationally, UT Austin was ranked 67th in the "World's Best Universities" ranking presented by ''U.S. News and World Report'',<ref>{{cite news | url=<br />
http://www.usnews.com/education/worlds-best-universities/articles/2010/09/21/worlds-best-universities-top-400-?PageNr=2 | title=World's Best Universities: Top 200 | publisher=[[US News and World Report]] | accessdate=May 6, 2011}}</ref> and ranked 35th in the world by [[Shanghai Jiao Tong University]],<ref name="ARWU 2009">{{cite news | url=http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2011.html | title=Academic Ranking of World Universities 2011 | publisher=[[Shanghai Jiao Tong University]] | accessdate=September 18, 2011}}</ref> based on factors such as Nobel laureate affiliation and number of highly cited researchers. In 2009, [[The Economist]] ranked the school 49th worldwide.<ref>[http://www.economist.com/business-education/whichmba/displaystory.cfm?story_id=14585209 Economist profile of McCombs]</ref> In 2012, [[Times Higher Education]] ranked the university 25th in the world,<ref>{{cite web | title=2011–2012 World University Rankings – Top 400 | url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2012-13/world-ranking}}</ref> while [[College and university rankings#Human Resources & Labor Review|Human Resources & Labor Review]] ranked the university 43th internationally.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.chasecareer.net/news_detail.php?id=61 |title= 50 Best World Universities 2012 |publisher= ChaseCareer Network}}</ref><br />
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As of 2010, ''U.S. News and World Report'' ranked forty-three UT graduate programs and specialties in the top ten nationally, and another fifty-three others ranked in the top 25.<ref name="Rankings">{{cite news | url=http://www.utexas.edu/ogs/prospective/rankings.html | title=Rankings | publisher=The University of Texas at Austin | accessdate=January 19, 2010}}</ref> Among these programs include the number two-ranked College of Education,<ref>{{cite web | title=Best Education Programs | url=http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-education-schools | publisher=U.S. News & World Report}}</ref> the fourth-ranked College of Pharmacy,<ref>{{cite news |url = http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-health-schools/pharmacy-rankings |title = America's Best Graduate Schools 2010: Pharmacy |accessdate =April 14, 2010 |publisher = U.S. News and World Report }}</ref> the eighth-ranked Cockrell School of Engineering,<ref>{{cite web | title=Best Engineering Schools | url=http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-engineering-schools/eng-rankings | publisher=U.S. News & World Report}}</ref> the and the 14th-ranked [[University of Texas School of Law|School of Law]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Best Law Schools | url=http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-law-schools/rankings | publisher=U.S. News & World Report}}</ref> Four UT graduate programs were ranked first in the nation, including Accounting and Petroleum Engineering.<ref name="Rankings"/> The MBA program in the McCombs School of Business was ranked 16th nationally in 2010.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-business-schools/rankings | title=Best Business Schools | publisher = U.S. News & World Report}}</ref> A 2005 [[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]] survey ranked the school 5th among all business schools and first among public business schools for the largest number of alumni who are [[S&P 500]] CEOs.<ref>{{cite web | title=The University of Texas at Austin ranks No. 1 as source of new Fortune 1000 CEOs | url=http://www.utexas.edu/opa/news/2005/04/business13.html}}</ref> Similarly, a 2005 ''[[USA Today]]'' report ranked the university as "the number one source of new [[Fortune 1000]] CEOs."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mccombs.utexas.edu/news/pressreleases/ceos_04.05.asp | title=McCombs & UT Austin Rank No. 1 as Source of New Fortune 1000 CEOs | accessdate=April 4, 2010}}</ref><br />
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A "payback" analysis published by SmartMoney in 2011 comparing graduates' salaries to tuition costs concluded that the school was the second-best value of all colleges in the nation, behind only [[Georgia Tech]].<ref>http://www.smartmoney.com/borrow/student-loans/which-colleges-help-their-grads-get-top-salaries-1312402692380/?link=SM_hp_featStory#article_tab_article</ref><ref>http://www.smartmoney.com/borrow/student-loans/which-colleges-help-their-grads-get-top-salaries-1312402692380/?link=SM_hp_featStory</ref><br />
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===Colleges and schools===<br />
The university contains sixteen colleges & schools and two academic units, each listed with its founding date:<ref>[http://www.utexas.edu/dept/ Colleges and Academic Units] ''The University of Texas.'.' Retrieved December 1, 2005.</ref><br />
<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #ddd; background:#fefefe; padding:3px; margin:0;"<br />
|<br />
<span style="font-size:116%;"></span><br />
*[[Cockrell School of Engineering]] (1894)<br />
*[[University of Texas at Austin College of Communication|College of Communication]] (1965)<br />
*College of Education (1905)<br />
*[[University of Texas at Austin College of Fine Arts|College of Fine Arts]] (1938)<br />
*[[University of Texas at Austin College of Liberal Arts|College of Liberal Arts]] (1883)<br />
*[[University of Texas at Austin College of Natural Sciences|College of Natural Sciences]] (1883)<br />
| style="width:40px;"|<br />
|<br />
<span style="font-size:116%;"></span><br />
*College of Pharmacy <br />
*Continuing Education (1909)<br />
*[[University of Texas at Austin Graduate Studies|Graduate Studies]] (1910)<br />
*[[Jackson School of Geosciences]] (2005)<br />
*[[Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs|LBJ School of Public Affairs]] (1970)<br />
*[[McCombs School of Business]] (1922)<br />
| style="width:40px;"|<br />
|<br />
<span style="font-size:116%;"></span><br />
*[[University of Texas School of Architecture|School of Architecture]] (1951)<br />
*[[University of Texas, School of Information|School of Information]] (1948)<br />
*[[University of Texas School of Law|School of Law]] (1883)<br />
*[[University of Texas at Austin School of Nursing|School of Nursing]] (1976)<br />
*School of Social Work (1950)<br />
*School of Undergraduate Studies (2008)<br />
|}<br />
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In addition, the university has seven honors programs that span a variety of academic fields: Liberal Arts Honors, the Business Honors Program, the Turing Scholars Program in Computer Sciences, Engineering Honors, the Health Science Honors Program in Natural Sciences, the Dean's Scholars Honors Program in Natural Sciences, and the interdisciplinary Plan II Honors program. The university also offers innovative programs for promoting academic excellence and leadership development such as the [[Freshman Research Initiative]] and [http://www.utexas.edu/tip/ Texas Interdisciplinary Plan].<br />
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The University of Texas at Austin offers more than 100 undergraduate and 170 graduate degrees. In the 2009–2010 academic year, the university awarded a total of 13,215 degrees: 67.7% [[bachelor's degree]]s, 22.0% master's degrees, 6.4% [[doctorate|doctoral degree]]s, and 3.9% Professional degrees.<ref>{{cite web | title=Degrees Conferred Information, 2009–2010 Academic Year | url=http://www.utexas.edu/academic/ima/sites/default/files/SHB10-11Degrees.pdf | format=pdf | publisher=The University of Texas Office of Institutional Research}}</ref><br />
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===Admission===<br />
[[File:Nhb utexas.jpg|left|thumb|The Norman Hackerman Building]]<br />
As a state public university, the University of Texas at Austin was, until recently, subject to [[Texas House Bill 588]], which guarantees graduating Texas high school seniors in the top 10% of their class admission to any public Texas university. A new state law granting UT (but no other state university) a partial exemption from the top 10% rule, Senate Bill 175, was passed by the 81st Legislature in 2009. It modifies this admissions policy by limiting automatically admitted freshmen to 75% of the entering in-state freshman class, starting in 2011. The university will admit the top one percent, the top two percent and so forth until the cap is reached; the university expects to automatically admit students in the top 8% of their graduating class for 2011.<ref>{{cite web | title=The University of Texas at Austin to Automatically Admit Top 8 Percent of High School Graduates for 2011 |url=http://www.utexas.edu/news/2009/09/16/top8_percent/ | accessdate=April 5, 2010}}</ref> Furthermore, students admitted under [[Texas House Bill 588]] are not guaranteed their choice of college or major, but rather only guaranteed admission to the university as a whole. Many colleges, such as the Cockrell School of Engineering, have secondary requirements that must be met for admission.<ref>{{cite web | title=Admission: Undergraduate Admission | url=http://registrar.utexas.edu/catalogs/gi09-10/ch02/index.html}}</ref><br />
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For others who go through the traditional application process, selectivity is deemed "more selective" according to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.<ref>{{cite web |title=Carnegie Foundation Classifications of The University of Texas at Austin |url=http://carnegiefoundation.org/classifications/sub.asp?key=748&subkey=16431&start=782 |accessdate=қазан 23, 2007}}</ref> For Fall 2009, 31,362 applied and 45.6% were accepted, and of those accepted, 51.0% enrolled.<ref name="2009-2010 Common Data Set">{{cite web| title=2009–2010 Common Data Set | url=http://www.utexas.edu/academic/ima/sites/default/files/CDS_UT_Austin2009-10%20(Final).pdf |accessdate=December 24, 2009}}</ref> The university's freshman retention rate in 2009 was 92.5% and the six-year graduation rate was 81.0%.<ref name="2009-2010 Common Data Set"/> The Fall 2011 entering class had an average ACT composite score of 28 and an average SAT composite score of 1858.<ref name="12th Class Day Fall 2011"/><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.utexas.edu/academic/ima/sites/default/files/IMA_MEM_UGProfile_2011_Fall.pdf | title=UT Austin Fall 2011 Fast Facts | accessdate=June 3, 2012}}</ref><br />
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===Faculty and research===<br />
[[File:USA harlan j smith telescope TX.jpg|left|thumb|Harlan J. Smith Telescope]]<br />
{{See also|List of University of Texas at Austin faculty}}<br />
In Fall 2009, the school employed 2,770 [[Full-time equivalent|full-time]] faculty members (88.3% of whom hold the terminal degree in their field), with a student-to-faculty ratio of 17.3 to 1.<ref name="2009-2010 Common Data Set"/> The university's faculty includes 63 members of the National Academy,<ref>{{cite web |title=Top 200 Institutions: National Academy Members |url=http://mup.asu.edu/research_data.html |accessdate=August 13, 2010}}</ref> winners of the Nobel Prize, the [[Pulitzer Prize]], the [[National Medal of Science]], the [[National Medal of Technology]], the [[Turing Award]] and other various awards.<ref>{{cite web | title=Facts & Rankings, College of Natural Sciences | url=http://cns.utexas.edu/about-the-college/facts-rankings | accessdate=November 7, 2009}}</ref> Nine Nobel Laureates are or have been affiliated with UT Austin.<ref>{{cite web | title=Nobel Laureates by University Affiliation | url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_laureates_by_university_affiliation}}</ref><br />
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Except for [[MIT]], UT Austin attracts more federal research grants than any American university without a medical school.<ref name="utexas.edu"/> For the 2009–2010 school year, the university exceeded $640 million in research funding (up from $590 million the previous year)<ref name="utexas.edu"/> and has earned more than 300 patents since 2003.<ref name="utexas1">{{cite web | title=OTC Statistics |url=http://www.otc.utexas.edu/Statistics.jsp | accessdate=April 4, 2010}}</ref> UT Austin houses the Office of Technology Commercialization, a [[technology transfer]] center which serves as the bridge between laboratory research and commercial development. In 2009, UT Austin created nine new start-up companies to commercialize technology developed at the university and has created 46 start-ups in the past seven years. UT Austin license agreements generated $10.9 million in revenue for the university in 2009.<ref name="utexas1"/><br />
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Research at UT Austin is largely focused in the engineering and physical sciences,<ref>{{cite web | title=The Top American Research Universities 2009 | url=http://mup.asu.edu/research2009.pdf | format=pdf | accessdate=August 23, 2010}}</ref> and is a world-leading research institution in fields such as computer science.<ref>{{cite web | title=The 20 Most-Cited Institutions in Computer Science, 1998–2008 | url=http://sciencewatch.com/inter/ins/08/08octTOP20COM/ | accessdate=August 23, 2010}}</ref> Energy is a major research thrust of the university, with major federally funded projects on biofuels,<ref>{{cite web | title=University of Texas at Austin biologists, engineers in $25 million project to develop jet fuel from algal oil |url=http://www.engr.utexas.edu/news/articles/200905051707/index.cfm | accessdate=November 7, 2009}}</ref> battery and solar cell technology, and geological carbon dioxide storage,<ref>{{cite web | title=Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC) Awards | url=http://www.er.doe.gov/bes/EFRC.html | accessdate=November 7, 2009}}</ref> among others. In 2009, UT founded the Energy Institute, led by former Under Secretary for Science [[Raymond L. Orbach]], to organize and advance multi-disciplinary energy research at the university.<ref>{{cite web | title=Director of New Energy Institute Named At The University of Texas at Austin | url=http://www.utexas.edu/news/2009/07/14/orbach_energy_institute/ | accessdate=November 7, 2009}}</ref> While the university does not have a medical school, it houses medical programs associated with other campuses and allied health professional programs, as well as major research programs in pharmacy, biomedical engineering, and neuroscience and others. UT Austin opened the $100 million Dell Pediatric Research Institute in 2010 as part of an effort to increase medical research at the university and establish a medical research complex, and associated medical school, in the city of Austin.<ref>{{cite web | title=Seton, UT lay foundations for Austin medical school |url=http://dpri.utexas.edu/news/seton-ut-lay-foundations-for-austin-medical-school | accessdate=August 23, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Dell Pediatric Research Institute Opens at Mueller, Brings New Focus To Children's Health Research at The University of Texas at Austin |url=http://www.utexas.edu/news/2010/04/23/dpri_opening/ | accessdate=August 23, 2010}}</ref><br />
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UT Austin operates several major auxiliary research centers. The world's third-largest telescope, the [[Hobby-Eberly Telescope]], and three other large telescopes are part of UT's [[McDonald Observatory]], {{convert|450|mi|km}} west of Austin.<ref>{{cite web | title=McDonald Observatory | url=http://www.as.utexas.edu/mcdonald/mcdonald.html | accessdate=August 23, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Hobby-Eberly Telescope | url=http://hetdex.org/hetdex/het.php | accessdate=August 23, 2010}}</ref> The university manages nearly {{convert|300|acre|km2}} of biological field laboratories, including the [[Brackenridge Field Laboratory]] in Austin. The [[Center for Agile Technology]] focuses on [[software development]] challenges.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cat.utexas.edu/about.html|title=About CAT|publisher=[[Center for Agile Technology]]|accessdate=қазан 23, 2011}}</ref> The [[J.J. Pickle Research Campus]] (PRC) is home to the Texas Advanced Computing Center which operates the Ranger supercomputer, one of the most powerful supercomputers in the world,<ref>{{cite web | title=The Beast in the Background | url=http://www.tacc.utexas.edu/research/users/features/alcalde.php | accessdate=November 7, 2009}}</ref> as well as the Microelectronics Research Center which houses micro- and nanoelectronics research and features a {{convert|15000|sqfoot|m2}} cleanroom for device fabrication. Founded in 1946, UT's Applied Research Laboratories at the PRC has been responsible for the development or testing of the vast majority of high-frequency sonar equipment used by the Navy, and in 2007, was granted a research contract by the Navy funded up to $928 million over ten years.<ref>{{cite web | title=ARL:UT About Us | url=http://www.arlut.utexas.edu/about/index.html | accessdate=November 7, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=The University of Texas at Austin Research Unit Receives Navy Contract That Could Reach $928 Million | url=http://www.utexas.edu/news/2007/09/27/arl/ | accessdate=November 7, 2009}}</ref> The [[Center for Transportation Research UT Austin]] is a nationally recognized research institution focusing on transportation research, education, and public service. Established in 1963 as the Center for Highway Research, its current and ongoing projects address virtually all aspects of transportation, including economics, multimodal systems, traffic congestion relief, transportation policy, materials, structures, transit, environmental impacts, driver behavior, land use, geometric design, accessibility, and pavements.<ref>{{cite web|title=Center for Transportation Research|url=http://www.utexas.edu/research/ctr/about/index.html|accessdate=January 12, 2012}}</ref><br />
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===Endowment===<br />
{{Main|Permanent University Fund}}<br />
The university has an endowment of $7.2 billion, out of the $16.11 billion (according to 2008 estimates) available to the University of Texas System. This figure reflects the fact that the school has the largest endowment of any public university in the nation.{{Citation needed|date=May 2009}}<br />
<br />
Thirty percent of the university's endowment comes from [[Permanent University Fund]] (PUF), with nearly $15 billion in assets as of 2007.<ref>{{cite web | title=List of U.S. colleges and universities by endowment | url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._colleges_and_universities_by_endowment}}</ref><ref>As required by the Texas Constitution [http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/txconst/sections/cn000700-001800.html], the University of Texas System gets two-thirds of the [[Available University Fund]], the annual distribution of PUF income. A regental policy [http://www.utsystem.edu/OGC/RegentalPolicies/AUFspend.htm] requires that ''at least'' 45 percent of this money go to the university for "program enrichment." By taking two-thirds and multiplying it by 45 percent, we get 30 percent which is the ''minimum'' amount of AUF income that can be distributed to the school under current policies. The Regents, however, can and do decide to allocate additional amounts to the university. Also, the majority of the University of Texas system share of the AUF is used for its debt service [[bond (finance)|bonds]], some of which were issued for the benefit of the Austin campus [http://www.utsystem.edu/CONT/REPORTS/LARs/AUFLAR-102704.pdf]. One should note that the Regents are free to change the 45 percent minimum of the University of Texas System share going to the Austin campus at any time, although doing so might be difficult politically.</ref> Proceeds from lands appropriated in 1839 and 1876, as well as oil monies, comprise the majority of PUF. At one time, the PUF was the chief source of income for Texas's two university systems, The University of Texas System and the [[Texas A&M University System]]; today, however, its revenues account for less than 10 percent of the universities' annual budgets. This has challenged the universities to increase sponsored research and private donations. Privately funded endowments contribute over $2 billion to the University's total endowment value.<br />
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The university is one of only two public universities in the U.S. that have a triple-A credit rating from all three major credit rating agencies, along with the [[University of Virginia]].<ref>[http://www.timesdispatch.com/rtd/news/state_regional/article/UVAA04_20090403-223316/248738/ U.Va. poised to issue $300 million in bonds to finance campus construction projects] – ''[[Richmond Times-Dispatch]]''</ref><br />
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==Student life==<br />
===Student profile===<br />
<br />
For Fall 2011, the university enrolled 38,437 undergraduate, 11,497 graduate and 1,178 law students.<ref name="Enrollment">{{cite web | title=Fall 2011 Enrollment Analysis | url=http://www.utexas.edu/academic/ima/sites/default/files/MEM_Enrollment_FA11_Final.pdf | format=PDF | publisher=The University of Texas at Austin}}</ref> Out-of-state and international students comprised 9.1% of the undergraduate student body and 20.1% of the total student body, with students from all 50 states and more than 120 foreign countries—most notably, [[South Korea]], followed by the People's Republic of China, India, [[Mexico]] and [[Taiwan]].<ref name="Student Characteristics">{{cite web | title=Student Characteristics, Fall 2009 | url=http://www.utexas.edu/academic/ima/sites/default/files/SHB09-10Students.pdf | accessdate=April 5, 2010 | format=PDF}}</ref> For Fall 2010, the undergraduate student body was 48.7% male and 51.3% female.<ref name="Enrollment"/> The three largest undergraduate majors in 2009 were Biological Sciences, Unspecified Business, and Psychology, while the three largest graduate majors were Business Administration ([[MBA]]), Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Pharmacy ([[PharmD]]).<ref name="Student Characteristics"/><br />
<br />
{| style="text-align:center; float:left; font-size:85%; margin-right:2em" class="wikitable"<br />
|+ ''Demographics of the UT Austin student body – Fall 2011''<ref>{{cite web | title=Fall 2011 Enrollment Report | url=http://www.utexas.edu/academic/ima/sites/default/files/RPT_ENRL_FA11_HDCE_HCbyDisc_Class_Eth_Gender.pdf | accessdate=қазан 10, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Texas QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48000.html | accessdate=қазан 10, 2011}}</ref><br />
! !! Undergraduate !! Graduate !! Texas !! U.S. Census<br />
|-<br />
! African American<br />
| 4.6% || 3.0% || 12.6% || 12.9%<br />
|-<br />
! Asian American<br />
| 17.9% || 7.2% || 4.4% || 4.6%<br />
|-<br />
! [[white people|Non-Hispanic White]]<br />
| 50.4% || 53.0% || 45.3% || 65.1%<br />
|-<br />
! [[Hispanics in the United States|Hispanic American]]<br />
| 20.0% || 10.0% || 37.6% || 15.8%<br />
|-<br />
! Native American<br />
| 0.3% || 0.2% || 1.3% || 1.0%<br />
|-<br />
! [[Foreign]]<br />
| 4.7% || 22.4% || N/A || N/A<br />
|}<br />
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===Residential life===<br />
The campus is currently home to fourteen residence halls, the newest of which opened for residence in Spring 2007. On-campus housing can hold more than 7,100 students.<ref>[http://www.utexas.edu/student/housing/pdfs/reshall_masterplan_100405.pdf Residence Hall Master Plan] ''The University of Texas Division of Housing and Food.'.' Retrieved February 5, 2007.</ref> [[Jester Center]] is the largest residence hall with its capacity of 2,945.<ref>[http://www.utexas.edu/student/housing/?site=1&scode=4&id=140 Residence Halls at a Glance] ''The University of Texas Division of Housing and Food.'.' Retrieved December 2, 2005.</ref> Academic enrollment exceeds the on-campus housing capacity; as a result, most students must live in private residence halls, [[housing cooperative]]s, apartments, or with [[fraternities and sororities|Greek organization]]s and other off-campus residences. The Division of Housing and Food Service, which already has the largest market share of 7,000 of the estimated 27,000 beds in the campus area, plans to expand to 9,000 beds in the near future.<ref name="Texan-housing">{{cite news | url=http://www.dailytexanonline.com/media/storage/paper410/news/2006/08/03/TopStories/Ut.Residences.To.Expand-2143178.shtml?norewrite200608032103&sourcedomain=www.dailytexanonline.com | title=University of Texas residences to expand | publisher=The Daily Texan | date=August 3, 2006 | accessdate=August 3, 2006}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><br />
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===Student organizations===<br />
The university recognizes more than 1,000 student organizations.<ref>[http://deanofstudents.utexas.edu/sald/about.php About Student Activities and Leadership Development] ''The University of Texas Office of the Dean of Students.'.' Retrieved December 2, 2005.</ref> In addition, it supports three official student governance organizations that represent student interests to faculty, administrators, and the Texas Legislature. Student Government, established in 1902, is the oldest governance organization and represents student interests in general.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.utsg.org/ |title=University of Texas Student Government |accessdate=May 6, 2008 }}</ref> The Senate of College Councils represents students in academic affairs and coordinates the college councils,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.utsenate.org/ |title=Senate of College Councils |accessdate=May 6, 2008 }}</ref> and the Graduate Student Assembly represents graduate student interests.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.utgsa.org/ |title=Graduate Student Assembly |accessdate=May 6, 2008 }}</ref> The University Unions Student Events Center serves as the hub for student activities on campus.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sec.union.utexas.edu/ |title=Texas Union Student Events Center |accessdate=May 6, 2008 }}</ref> The [[Friar Society]] serves as the oldest honor society at the university.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.friarsociety.org/ |title=Friar Society|accessdate=қазан 30, 2008 }}</ref> The [[Texas 4000 for Cancer]] student organization is the longest annual charity bicycle ride in the world and has raised over $1.4 million dollars for cancer research from its founding in 2004 to April, 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.Texas4000.org/ |title=Texas4000|accessdate=April 1, 2009 }}</ref><br />
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===Greek life===<br />
{{See also|List of fraternities and sororities at University of Texas at Austin}}<br />
The University of Texas at Austin is home to an active Greek community. Approximately 14 percent of undergraduate students are in fraternities or sororities.<ref name="Austin">{{cite web|last=Austin|first=UT|title=Sorority and Fraternity Community|url=http://deanofstudents.utexas.edu/glie/comm.php|work=GLIE Website|publisher=UT Austin Dean of Students|accessdate=November 4, 2011}}</ref> With more than 65 national chapters, the university's Greek community is one of the nation's largest.<ref name="Austin"/> These chapters are under the authority of one of the school's six Greek council communities, [[North-American Interfraternity Conference|Interfraternity Council]], [[National Pan-Hellenic Council]], Texas Asian Pan-Hellenic Council, Latino Pan-Hellenic Council, Multicultural Greek Council and University Panhellenic Council.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deanofstudents.utexas.edu/gle/comm.php|title=Greek communities|author=The University of Texas Office of the Dean of Students|accessdate=December 2, 2005}}</ref> Other registered student organizations also name themselves with Greek letters and are called affiliates. They are not a part of one of the six councils but have all of the same privileges and responsibilities of any other organization.<ref name="GreekGuide">{{cite web|title=Sorority & Fraternity Information Guide 2007–2008|work=The University of Texas Office of the Dean of Students|url=<br />
http://www.txcn.com/sharedcontent/dws/txcn/austin/stories/041508kvuefratagreement-cb.68426ca3.html|format=PDF|accessdate =April 18, 2008}}</ref> According to the Office of the Dean of Students' mission statement, Greek life promotes cultural appreciation, scholarship, leadership, and [[Community service|service]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deanofstudents.utexas.edu/gle/|title=Greek Life and Intercultural Education|author=The University of Texas Office of the Dean of Students|accessdate=April 17, 2008}}</ref> Most Greek houses are west of the [[Drag (Austin, Texas)|Drag]] in the [[West Campus, Austin, Texas|West Campus]] neighborhood.<br />
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===Media===<br />
{{See also|Texas Student Media}}<br />
Students express their opinions in and out of class through periodicals including ''[[Study Breaks Magazine]]'', Longhorn Life, ''[[The Daily Texan]]'' (the most award-winning daily college newspaper in the United States),<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.utexas.edu/student/registrar/catalogs/gicurrent/ch5/ch5g.html|title = Student Publications|accessdate =August 5, 2007|work = University of Texas at Austin |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071017224905/http://utexas.edu/student/registrar/catalogs/gicurrent/ch5/ch5g.html |archivedate = қазан 17, 2007}}</ref> and the ''[[Texas Travesty]]''. Over the airwaves students' voices are heard through [[K09VR]] and [[KVRX]].<br />
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The Computer Writing and Research Lab of the university's Department of Rhetoric and Writing also hosts ''the Blogora'', a blog for "connecting rhetoric, rhetorical methods and theories, and rhetoricians with public life" by the [[Rhetoric Society of America]].<ref>[http://rsa.cwrl.utexas.edu/ the Blogora]</ref><br />
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The university has a yearbook. In the 1980s it annually sold 14,000 copies. In 1997 it sold 1,700, an all-time low. Kathy Lawrence, the media adviser at UT Austin, said that yearbook sales declined once the school switched from in-person registration to telephone-based registration. During in-person registrations, the university often asked students to buy student yearbooks. Lawrence said that other factors leading to a decline in yearbook sales at UT Austin included increasing student numbers and declining participation in campus life. As of 2008, about 2,500 copies sell annually. To salvage the yearbook, Lawrence introduced personalized pages. When Lawrence concluded that [[social networking sites]] lead to a decline in yearbook sales, Sarah Viren of the ''[[Houston Chronicle]]'' said that Lawrence "eventually opted to hold off on the personalized pages."<ref>Viren, Sarah. "[http://www.chron.com/life/article/Yearbooks-vanish-from-Houston-schools-in-Facebook-1610639.php Yearbooks vanish from Houston schools in Facebook era]." ''[[Houston Chronicle]]''. Tuesday May 13, 2008. Retrieved on қазан 25, 2011.</ref><br />
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===Traditions===<br />
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[[Image:Texas Longhorn.jpg|right|thumb|The [[Texas Longhorn (cattle)|Texas longhorn]] is the university's [[mascot]].]]<br />
Traditions at the University of Texas are perpetuated through several school symbols and mediums. At athletic events, students frequently sing "[[Texas Fight]]", the university's fight song while displaying the [[Hook 'em Horns]] hand gesture—the gesture mimicking the horns of the school's mascot, [[Bevo (mascot)|Bevo]] the [[Texas longhorn (cattle)|Texas longhorn]].<br />
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==Athletics==<br />
{{Main|Texas Longhorns}}<br />
[[Image:Texas Longhorn logo.svg|right|thumb|Texas Longhorns logo]]<br />
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The University of Texas offers a wide variety of varsity and intramural sports programs. As of 2008, the university's athletics program ranked fifth in the nation among [[Division I (NCAA)|Division I]] schools according to the [[National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics]].<ref>[http://nacda.cstv.com/ National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics]</ref> Due to the breadth of sports offered and the quality of the programs, Texas was selected as "America's Best Sports College" in a 2002 analysis by ''[[Sports Illustrated]].''<ref>[http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/si_online/news/2002/10/01/1_10/ America's Best Sports Colleges] ''[[Sports Illustrated]]''. қазан 7, 2002.</ref> Texas was also listed as the number one [[Collegiate Licensing Company]] client for the second consecutive year in regards to the amount of annual [[Royalties#Trademark royalties|trademark royalties]] received from fan merchandise sales. But this ranking is based only on clients of the Collegiate Licensing Company, which does not handle licensing for approximately three-dozen large schools including [[Ohio State University|Ohio State]], [[University of Southern California|USC]], [[University of California, Los Angeles|UCLA]], [[Michigan State University|Michigan State]], and [[Texas A&M University|Texas A&M]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.statesman.com/sports/content/sports/stories/longhorns/08/16/0816royalties.html|title=Texas repeats as national champion in merchandising|publisher=[[The Austin American-Statesman]]|accessdate=August 17, 2007|date=August 16, 2007|author=Maher, John |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070929091316/http://www.statesman.com/sports/content/sports/stories/longhorns/08/16/0816royalties.html |archivedate = September 29, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clc.com/clcweb/publishing.nsf/Content/rankings.html|title=The Collegiate Licensing Company Rankings|accessdate=August 17, 2007}}</ref><br />
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===Varsity sports===<br />
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The University's men's and women's athletics teams are nicknamed the Longhorns. A charter member of the [[Southwest Conference]] until it dissolved in 1996, Texas now competes in the [[Big 12 Conference]] of the [[Division I (NCAA)|NCAA's Division I-FBS]]. Texas has won 47 total national championships,<ref>[http://www.texassports.com/index.php?s=&change_well_id=2&url_article_id=101 Texas Longhorns Championships History: National Champions] ''TexasSports.com''. March 20, 2007</ref> 39 of which are NCAA national championships.<ref>[http://www.ncaa.org/champadmin/champs_listing1.html Schools with the Most National Championships] ''NCAA.org''. Fall 2006</ref><br />
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The University of Texas has traditionally been considered a [[college football]] powerhouse.<ref name="Potomac">{{cite book | url=http://www.potomacbooksinc.com/Books/BookDetail.aspx?productID=167960 | title=Texas Longhorns Football History A to Z | author=Pennington, Richard | publisher=Potomac Books | accessdate=August 4, 2007 | isbn=1-934186-13-9}}</ref><ref name="Tarheel">{{cite news |work=DailyTarheel.com | publisher= The Daily Tarheel | author=Fitt, Aaron | url=http://www.dailytarheel.com/media/storage/paper885/news/2002/09/14/Sportsaturday/Its-Not.About.Mack-1349746.shtml?norewrite200606280132&sourcedomain=www.dailytarheel.com | title=It's not about Mack | date=September 14, 2002 | accessdate=August 21, 2007}}</ref><ref name="BC$">{{cite news | url=http://money.cnn.com/2006/01/04/commentary/column_sportsbiz/sportsbiz/ | title=Texas is the BC$ champ, too – Even before their stunning upset of USC, the Longhorns were big winners where it matters. |work=CNNMoney | publisher=Turner Broadcasting | date=January 5, 2006 | accessdate=April 25, 2007}}</ref> At the start of the 2007 season, the Longhorns were ranked third in the all-time list of both total wins and winning percentage.<ref name="Ark State gw">{{cite news | url=http://www.mackbrown-texasfootball.com/doc_lib/090107_notes.pdf | title=Game notes – Arkansas State | work=MackBrownTexasFootball.com | publisher=University of Texas & Host Interactive | format=PDF | date=September 1, 2007 | accessdate=September 16, 2007}}</ref> The team experienced its greatest success under coach [[Darrell Royal]], winning three national championships in 1963, 1969, and 1970. It won a fourth title under head coach [[Mack Brown]] in 2005 after a 41–38 victory over previously undefeated [[University of Southern California|Southern California]] in the [[2006 Rose Bowl]].<br />
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In recent years, the men's [[college basketball|basketball]] team has gained prominence, advancing to the [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship|NCAA Tournament]] Sweet Sixteen in 2002, the Final Four in 2003, the Sweet Sixteen in 2004, and the [[Elite Eight]] in 2006 and 2008.<br />
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The University's [[college baseball|baseball]] team is one of the nation's best. It has made more trips to the [[College World Series]] (34) than any other school, and it posted wins in 1949, 1950, 1975, 1983, 2002, and 2005.<br />
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Additionally, the University's highly successful men's and women's swimming and diving teams lay claim to sixteen NCAA Division I titles.<ref>[http://www.texassports.com/index.php?s=&url_channel_id=20&url_article_id=1733&change_well_id=2 TEXAS LONGHORNS Official Athletic Site]</ref> The swim team was first developed under Coach [[Tex Robertson]].<ref name="tc">{{cite web|url=http://www.tsdhof.org/bio-Tex%20Robertson.html|title=Biography – Tex Robertson|accessdate=May 24, 2010}}</ref> In particular, the men's team is led by [[Eddie Reese]], who served as the head men's coach at the [[1992 Summer Olympics]] in Barcelona, the [[2004 Summer Olympics|2004 Games]] in Athens and the [[2008 Summer Olympics|2008 Games]] in Beijing.<br />
[[Image:Texas entry 2007 Red River Shootout.jpg|right|thumb|Texas entry in the 2007 [[Red River Shootout]]]]<br />
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===Rivalries===<br />
The Longhorns had one of the most heated rivalries in all sports with the [[Texas A&M Aggies]]. Up until the 2012 season when the Aggies left the Big 12 for SEC, the two schools have acknowledged the rivalry's importance by creating the [[State Farm Lone Star Showdown]] series, which encompasses all sports in which the schools field varsity teams. The football game played between the two schools is the third-oldest rivalry in the nation and is the longest-running rivalry for both schools. It ended in 2011 with the 118th game. The Longhorns led the "showdown," 76–37–5. The game was traditionally played on [[Thanksgiving (United States)|Thanksgiving]] day. Both schools held a rally before the annual football game – Texas hosted the [[Hex Rally]], and students at Texas A&M hosted the [[Aggie Bonfire#Revival|Aggie Bonfire]] (although it is no longer an officially sanctioned Texas A&M event after 12 students died in 1999).<br />
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The Longhorns also have a long standing football rivalry with the [[Oklahoma Sooners]] and hold a 59–41–5 edge in that series. Since 1932, the teams have played annually at the [[Cotton Bowl (stadium)|Cotton Bowl]] in Dallas, Texas, in the [[Red River Rivalry]] game. The rivalry has grown in recent years, as the winner has gone to the Big 12 Conference championship and BCS National championship games.<br />
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Other schools, such as [[Arkansas Razorbacks|University of Arkansas]] and [[Texas Tech Red Raiders|Texas Tech]], also count Texas among their rivals. But each of these schools also trail Texas by significant margins in overall series records, 56–21–0 and 45–15–0, respectively.<ref>[http://sports.yahoo.com/ncaaf/preview?gid=200610280086 Texas Longhorns/Texas Tech Raiders Preview Saturday, қазан 28, 2006] ''[http://sports.yahoo.com/ Yahoo! Sports]''. қазан 28, 2006.</ref><ref>Halliburton, Suzanne. "Red River Rivalry – Texas 45, Oklahoma 12." ''[[Austin American-Statesman]]''. қазан 9, 2005.</ref><ref>Berlin, Stephanie. [http://www.dailytexanonline.com/news/2004/09/10/TopStories/Razorback.Country.Still.Has.Disdain.For.A.Texas.Team.Focused.On.Others-715299.shtml Razorback country still has disdain for a Texas team focused on others] ''[[The Daily Texan]]''. September 10, 2004.</ref><br />
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==Alumni==<br />
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{{Main|List of University of Texas at Austin alumni}}<br />
[[Image:Michael Dell, square crop.jpg|right|upright|thumb|[[Michael Dell]] started ''PC's Limited'' (the precursor to [[Dell Computers]]) before [[dropping out]] of the University of Texas.]]<br />
[[Texas Exes]] is the official UT alumni organization.<br />
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[[The Alcalde]], founded in 1913 and pronounced “all-call-day,” is the university's alumni magazine.<br />
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Over 15 graduates have served in the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] and [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]], such as [[Lloyd Bentsen]] '42, who served as both a U.S. Senator and U.S. Representative, as well as being the 1988 [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] Vice Presidential nominee.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000401 | title = Bentsen bio | publisher = [[U.S. Congress]] | accessdate =шілде 30, 2008 }}</ref> Presidential cabinet members include former [[United States Secretary of State]] [[James Baker]] '57,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.bakerbotts.com/lawyers/detail.aspx?id=a1789334-3f27-48d5-b844-211455e4beff | title = <br />
Baker bio | publisher = Baker Botts LLP | accessdate =шілде 30, 2008 }}</ref> former United States Secretary of Education [[William J. Bennett]], and former United States Secretary of Commerce [[Donald Evans]] '73. Former [[First Lady]] [[Laura Bush]] '73 and daughter [[Jenna Bush|Jenna]] '04 both graduated from Texas,<ref>{{cite news | url = http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/firstlady/flbio.html | title = L. Bush bio | publisher = [[The White House]]| accessdate =шілде 30, 2008 }}</ref> as well as former [[First Lady]] [[Lady Bird Johnson]] '33 & '34 and her eldest daughter [[Lynda Bird Johnson Robb|Lynda]]. In foreign governments, the university has been represented by [[Fernando Belaúnde Terry]] '36 (42nd President of [[Peru]]), [[Mostafa Chamran]] (former [[Minister of Defense]] for [[Iran]]),<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www2.irib.ir/occasions/chamran/chamranen.htm | title = <br />
Chamran bio | publisher = Occasions | accessdate =шілде 30, 2008 }} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> and [[Abdullah al-Tariki]] (co-founder of [[OPEC]]). Additionally, the Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority, [[Salam Fayyad]], graduated from the university with a PhD in economics.<br />
[[Image:Mrsbush-20060206.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Former [[First Lady]] [[Laura Bush]] '73 received an M.L.S. from the University of Texas.]]<br />
Alumni in academia include the 26th President of [[The College of William & Mary]] [[Gene Nichol]] '76, the 10th President of [[Boston University]] [[Robert A. Brown]] '73 & '75,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.bu.edu/president/biography/ | title = Brown bio | publisher = [[Boston University]]| accessdate =August 1, 2008 }}</ref> and the 8th President of the [[University of Southern California]] [[John R. Hubbard]]. The University also graduated [[Alan Bean]] '55, the [[List of Apollo astronauts#People who have walked on the Moon|fourth man to walk on the Moon]]. Additionally, alumni who have served as business leaders include [[ExxonMobil Corporation]] CEO [[Rex Tillerson]] '75, [[Dell]] founder and CEO [[Michael Dell]], and [[Gary C. Kelly]], [[Southwest Airlines]]'s CEO.<br />
[[Image:Roger clemens 2004.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Alumnus [[Roger Clemens]], [[MLB]] pitcher and seven-time [[Cy Young Award]] winner]]<br />
In literature and journalism, the school has produced [[Pulitzer Prize]] winners [[Gail Caldwell]] and [[Ben Sargent]] '70. [[Walter Cronkite]], the former [[CBS Evening News]] anchor once called the most trusted man in America, attended the University of Texas at Austin, as did [[CNN]] anchor [[Betty Nguyen]] '95. Alumnus [[J. M. Coetzee]] also received the 2003 [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]. Novelist [[Raymond Benson]] ('78) was the official author of James Bond novels between 1996–2002, the only American to be commissioned to pen them. [[Donna Alvermann]], a distinguished research professor at the University of Georgia, Department of Education also graduated from the University of Texas, as did [[Wallace Clift]] ('49) and [[Jean Dalby Clift]] ('50, J.D. '52), authors of several books in the fields of psychology of religion and spiritual growth. [[Alireza Jafarzadeh]] the author of "The Iran Threat: President Ahmadinejad and the Coming Nuclear Crisis" and television commentator ('82, MS)<br />
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Several musicians and entertainers attended the University, though most dropped out to pursue their respective careers. [[Janis Joplin]], the American singer who was posthumously inducted into the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] and who received a [[Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award]] attended the university,<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.officialjanis.com/bio.html | title = Janis Joplin bio | publisher = Janis Joplin Estate | accessdate =June 19, 2008 }}</ref> as did February 1955 ''[[Playboy]]'' [[Playboy Playmate|Playmate of the Month]] and [[Golden Globe]] recipient [[Jayne Mansfield]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.pabook.libraries.psu.edu/palitmap/bios/Mansfield__Jayne.html | title = Jayne Mansfield | publisher = [[Pennsylvania State University]] | accessdate =May 7, 2008 }}</ref> Composer [[Harold Morris (composer)|Harold Morris]] is a 1910 graduate. Noted film director, cinematographer, writer, and editor [[Robert Rodriguez]] is a Longhorn, as are actors [[Eli Wallach]] and [[Matthew McConaughey]]. Rodriguez dropped out of the university after two years to pursue his career in Hollywood, but he officially completed his degree from the Radio-Television-Film department on May 23, 2009. Rodriguez also gave the keynote address at the university-wide commencement ceremony. Radio-Television-Film alumni [[Mark Dennis (director)|Mark Dennis]] and Ben Foster took their award winning feature film, [[Strings (2012 film)|Strings]], to the American film festival circuit in 2011. Web and television actress [[Felcia Day]] and film actress [[Renée Zellweger]] also attended the university. Day graduated with dual degrees in music performance (violin) and mathematics, while Zellweger graduated with a BA in English. Writer, recording artist [[Phillip Sandifer]] attended the university and graduated with a degree in History. [[Farrah Fawcett]], one of the original ''[[Charlie's Angels]]'', left after her junior year to pursue a modeling career. Actor [[Owen Wilson]] and writer/director [[Wes Anderson]] each attended the university. There they wrote ''[[Bottle Rocket]]'' together which became Anderson's first feature film. Another notable writer, [[Rob Thomas (writer)|Rob Thomas]] graduated with a BA in History in 1987 and went on to write the young adult novel ''[[Rats Saw God]]'' and created the series ''[[Veronica Mars]]''.<br />
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Many alumni have found success in professional sports. Legendary pro football coach [[Tom Landry]] '49 attended the university as an industrial engineering major but interrupted his education after a semester to serve in the [[United States Army Air Corps]] during World War II. Following the war, he returned to the university and played fullback and defensive back on the Longhorns' bowl-game winners on New Year's Day of 1948 and 1949. Seven-time [[Cy Young Award]]-winner [[Roger Clemens]] entered the [[MLB]] after helping the Longhorns win the [[1983 College World Series]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.rogerclemensonline.com/bio1.htm | title = Clemens bio | publisher = [http://www.rogerclemensonline.com/ The Roger Clemens Foundation]| accessdate =шілде 30, 2008 }}</ref> Two-time [[NBA]] scoring champion [[Kevin Durant]] entered the [[2007 NBA Draft]] and was selected second overall behind [[Greg Oden]], after sweeping National Player of the Year honors, becoming the first freshman to win any of the awards. Several Olympic medalists have also attended the school, including [[2008 Summer Olympics]] athletes [[Ian Crocker]] '05 (swimming world record holder and two-time Olympic gold medalist) and 4x400m relay defending Olympic gold medalist [[Sanya Richards]] '06.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://swimming.teamusa.org/athlete/athlete/856 | title = Crocker bio | publisher = [http://teamusa.org/ Team USA]| accessdate =шілде 30, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sanyarichards.net/flash.html | title = Richards bio | publisher = [http://www.sanyarichards.net/flash.html SanyaRichards.net]| accessdate =шілде 30, 2008 }}</ref> [[Mary Lou Retton]] (the first female gymnast outside Eastern Europe to win the Olympic all-around title, five-time Olympic medalist, and 1984 ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' Sportswoman of the Year) also attended the university.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://womenshistory.about.com/od/olympics/p/mary_lou_retton.htm | title = Retton bio | publisher = [http://www.about.com About.com]| accessdate =шілде 30, 2008 }}</ref> Also an alumnus is Dr. [[Robert Cade]], the inventor of the sport drink [[Gatorade]].<br />
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Other notable alumni include prominent businessman [[Red McCombs]], [[Diane Pamela Wood]], a judge on the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit]], and astrophysicist [[Neil deGrasse Tyson]]. Also an alumnus is Admiral [[William H. McRaven]], credited for organizing and executing [[Operation Neptune's Spear]], the special ops raid that led to the [[death of Osama bin Laden]].<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/adm-william-mcraven-the-terrorist-hunter-on-whose-shoulders-osama-bin-laden-raid-rested/2011/05/04/AFsEv4rF_story_1.html | title = Adm. William McRaven: The terrorist hunter on whose shoulders Osama bin Laden raid rested | publisher = The Washington Post |date=May 4, 2011 | accessdate =May 13, 2011 | first=Steve | last=Hendrix}}</ref><br />
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==Тағы қара==<br />
{{Portal|University of Texas at Austin|Austin}}<br />
*[[List of University of Texas at Austin presidents]]<br />
*[[Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences]]<br />
*[[ArchNet]] — A joint project between the university and [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] on [[Islamic architecture]]<br />
*[[University of Texas Elementary School]]<br />
*[[Cactus Cafe]]<br />
{{-}}<br />
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==Сілттемелер==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
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==Сыртқы сілттемелер==<br />
{{Commons category|University of Texas at Austin}}<br />
* Ресми торабы http://www.utexas.edu<br />
*[http://www.texassports.com/ Атлеттерінің веб сайты]<br />
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[[Санат:Алфавит бойынша университеттер]]</div>Corkythehornetfan